What Is Truth Essays - Philosophy, Theories Of Truth,

What Is Truth? What is Truth? Truth exists and is an absolute. Contrary to the mush-minded meanderings of modern educators, truth is not relative. If my truth differs from your truth that can only be because either one or both of us is unaware of the truth and has called something true which is not. Truth must have not the slightest touch of maybe to it. Maybe is dishonesty to truth and if it touches truth, then truth becomes maybe. Truth is more and beyond that which is true. Truth is a concept in philosophy that treats the meaning of true and the criteria by which we judge the truth or falsity in written and spoken statements. For thousands of years, Philosophers have attempted to answer the question ?What is Truth Truth is the quality of being true, and anything that is true is a truth, the concept of truth is uncommonly complex and variable. Thoughts, ideas, beliefs, and opinions are said to be true or false. An idea makes a truth claim and is true when the character of what is thought about upholds its claim. Forms of words or statements are also said to be true or false. This can be explained by saying a set of words is true when it expresses a true thought. ?Truth? should be replaced by the ?facts?, ?reality? or the ?way things are.? Truth is often imagined as consisting in a speaker's honesty with respect to what he believes. Occasionally truth is rehashed, as in the doctrines of the German philosopher Gottlob Frege. Mohandas Gandhi spoke of ?The Absolute Truth, the Eternal Principle, that is God? and said, ? I worship God as Truth only.? Jesus said, ? I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life.? God is truth and the essence of it. All of his ways are truth and all truth stands or falls as it is measured against Him. If we love truth and seek after it, we cannot help but run into the outstretched arms of God. He wants us to know the truth, which is to know him. God places the truth before us and gives us complete freedom to choose how to respond to the truth. If we turn to God and ask him to instruct us in the truth and to lead us to salvation, we will surely receive that which we ask because our prayer will be in line with God's desire for us. The word truth is mentioned in the bible 235 times. Philosopher's proposed four main theories to answer the ?What is Truth question. They are correspondence, pragmatic, coherence, and deflationary theories of truth. Plato developed the earliest version of the correspondence theory. He sought to understand the meaning of knowledge and how it is acquired. Plato wanted to distinguish between true and false belief. His theory was based on intuitive recognition that true statements correspond to the facts, while false statements do not. A 20th-century British philosopher Bertrand Russell and Plato recognized this theory unsatisfactory because it did not allow false belief. Both Russell and Plato stated that if a belief were false because there is no fact to prove it to be true, then it would be a belief about nothing, or not even a belief at all. Each then thought that the grammar of a sentence could offer a way around this problem. But how, they asked, are the parts of a sentence related to reality? One suggestion is from the 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. He stated that the parts of a sentence relate to the objects they describe much like the way the parts of a picture relate to the objects pictured. But false sentences pose a problem. If a false sentence pictures nothing, there can be no meaning in the sentence. The correspondence theory of truth is really no more than an expression of how the word ?truth? is defined. Some criticisms focus on an epistemological problem that is involved in knowing whether or not a proposition does indeed agree with the facts. We clearly do classify propositions as true or false in everyday life, but we cannot securely do so on the basis of their correspondence to reality.

Muslim perceptions on Islam

Muslim perceptions on Islam Introduction Muslims are the second largest religious community in the world after the Catholics (Saenz, 2005). Even though they are racially and ethnically diverse, they have taken on to themselves various connotations and there have been various perceptions regarding how Muslims are viewed across the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslim perceptions on Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same respect, it is also evident that different Muslims in different countries behave differently depending on the cultural practices surrounding them. This therefore means that they perceive the Islamic teachings differently and that the practice is not the same all Muslims. In some countries for example, it is mandatory for women to wear a veil while in other countries, this is not compulsory (Curtis, 2006). Going by the foregoing arguments, in spite of them being deeply rooted in their faith, Muslims f rom different parts of the world view Islam differently. This does not however mean that their practices are dwindling; it only illustrates that faith and religion are as good as one’s beliefs and perceptions. As such, the essay below is an attempt to analyze the teachings of Islam and thereafter, illustrate how they are interpreted and perceived by different Muslims from different countries. Islam: Beliefs and Practices The Islamic religion is characterized by many beliefs and practices that have to be adhered to by members of this religious group. According to Saenz (2005), there are over one billion Muslims living in the European countries and in other continents like Asia and North Africa. In addition, there are approximately 40 Muslim dominated countries in the world (Saenz, 2005). Even though the various practices of Islam are different from one country to another, nonetheless, we do have basic fundamental elements and teaching that they all look up to. The basic teachi ngs of Islam revolve around Prophet Muhammad as the teachings were first revealed to him in the (Saenz, 2005). Prophet Muhammad later collected these teachings that he had received and compiled them into the Holy Quran. In order to get guidance and teachings in their day- to- day lives, the Quran is a very important asset of the Muslim faithful since they rely on it as a basis for leading an Islamic way of life, according to the teachings of Allah, though Prophet Muhammad.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides being a prophet who role was to gather the materials in the Quran, Prophet Muhammad lived a life that was exemplary and that deserves to be emulated by all the Muslims. Five Pillars of Islam Every Muslim is required to adhere to the Islamic teachings which require that they follow the five pillars of Islam. The first of these pillars states that every Muslim has to confess his/her faith. In this case, all Muslims supposed to declare that besides Allah, there are no other gods (Esposito, 1998). This means that the Muslims are required to declare and acknowledge the monopolistic nature of the religion. Under the teachings of Islam, Muslims have to observe the second pillar of Islam which is prayer. In this case, they are required and instructed to pray at certain times of the day and in total, ensure that they pray at least five times a day. The sequence of the prayer guideline begins with the azan prayer which is a call for all Muslims to come together and pray. They are then required to follow an order in the recitation and proclaiming of messages in the Quran (Esposito, 1998). This entails taking successive bows while facing towards the city of Mecca, the holy land. In addition, Muslims are also to offer an amount of tax which is the equivalent of an offering that is dedicated for the poor and the needy among the Muslim members of the society. This particular pillar is compulsory to all Muslims, as opposed to being voluntary. The fourth pillar is observing the Holy Month of Ramadan through fasting from sunrise to sunset, based on the sayings of the lunar calendar. During this period, Muslims area also required to reflect on their lives in regards to the wealth they have attained or the health that they have been endowed with. They are then required to look out for the less fortunate in the society (Esposito, 1998). The last pillar that the Muslim faithful are supposed to observe according to their teachings is the pillar of pilgrimage where they are required to visit the holy city of Mecca in pilgrimage at least once in their entire lifetime. Interpretations of the Islamic teachings across the world The above teachings have however been interpreted differently by Muslims from different countries thus forming different sects in the Muslim community. This means that the practices by each sect differ vastly f rom those of other sects. Some of the different sects that have emerged in Islam include the Sunni and Shiite Muslims. The Sunni Muslims are the majority in the Muslim world (Armstrong, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslim perceptions on Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the Shia are a group of Muslims who practice a more decentralized type of Islam than the Sunni.The Sunni are of the view that it is not necessary to have one authoritarian religious leader but deem it important to rely on scholars that have been widely educated and on the profound religious texts (Denny, 2006). With regard to the interpretation of the Quran, the Sunni are more literal in comparison with the Shia. On the other hand, the Shia rely too much on their religious leaders and view them as people that have been divinely elected by God to help them in their spiritual growth especially in the analysis of the Quran. In the same regard, their views on Islamic teachings are more authoritarian than communitarian. In countries like the United States can be categorized as being liberal not in the sense that they do not observes the Islamic teachings but due to the fact they are entirely the type that do not need guidance or constant contact with their religious leaders in order to know what is required of them (Denny, 2006). The same applies to other developed countries like the United Kingdom, Russia and Germany. However, in countries like Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Nigeria, the Muslims are more intertwined with their leaders and this is reflected even in their religious practices and in their conservative nature. They tend to keenly uphold the prayer times with constant visits to the mosques for spiritual nourishment. Another sect that has emerged in the same aspect is the Sufi’s who are deemed to be a different group of Muslims that perceive Islamic teachings in a different manner. They interpret the Islamic teachings as symbols and allegories and thus practice very mystic religious activities as compared to the latter groups (Denny, 2006). In order to meet the qualities and characteristics that Muhammad showcased during his time, the Sufi’s have chosen to neglect their natural being by not recognizing material wealth and in order for them to be more committed on the love and meditation of God. In a survey that was recently conducted in the Muslim community on how they view Islam and how they practice it in their lives, the results were varied especially when compared with Muslims from other countries (Saenz, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of the fact that all the participants agreed on the core commitment to God, nonetheless, they differed in their level of commitment, openness to certain Islam teachings and interpretations in regards to their faith and in acceptance of the above sects as mentioned earlier. In the Middle East and the North African countries there was a very high belief in God and the prophet Muhammad followed by the Asian countries (Saenz, 2005). Central Asia and sub-Saharan Africa were ranked fourth and fifth respectively with Europe being the last of the group with 85%. Through the survey, it emerged that most of the Muslims in the countries where Islam was ranked as first and second largest religion regarded it as a very important aspect of faith and by extension, their lives. However, in the United States, Only 69% of the Muslims regarded their faith very important to them (Saenz, 2005). Nonetheless, in some nations that have only recently emerged communism like Russia, Muslims have very little concerns as regards their teachings and what their religion requires of them. It was noted in the survey that not more than half of the Muslims in the county quoted religion as important to their lives. The same characteristic was also predominant in the Balkans. However, 67% of the Muslims who took part in the survey in Turkey stated that to them religion was very important (Saenz, 2005). These religious differences as highlighted above were also mainly characterized by the difference in age groups with those who are older being more deeply rooted in their religion than those that are younger. It was also noted that there was gender disparity on how the Islamic faith and teachings were perceived among the different countries. In central and south Asia, majority of the women have been quoted to have never attended a mosque. It was also noted that in countries where there is strict compliance with the Muslim teachings and laws like in Saudi Arabia , Morocco, and majority of t he countries in the Middle East and northern Africa, there have been very poor statistics of women attending prayers at the mosque(Nasr, 2003). This is especially due to the fact that the cultural norms of the people in these countries do not permit women to be liberal in certain religious activities. However, women still actively participate in the daily rituals or prayers required of them though not in the limelight as men do. Regarding the element of holy war as a teaching in the Islamic faith, there is a very wide disparity on the level of disagreement. While majority of the Muslims in the Middle East countries and part of northern Africa are strong believers in the holy war, their counterparts in countries like the United States and the United Kingdom seem to be against it (Nasr, 2003). They state that in most cases the holy war end up affecting innocent civilians other than those it was aimed at fighting. As such, it is not fair and rightly targeted (Curtis, 2006). On the othe r hand, Muslims from Saudi Arabia and Morocco are strong advocates for the jihad war, stating that the holy war is aimed at helping to salvage the requirements of the Islamic faith. However, it is also clearly depicted that holy war is not terrorism.To most of the Muslims however, holy war is acceptable. In contrast, Muslims from the south and central Asian countries like India are characterized by low levels of commitment to their religion in terms of the practices that they are obligated to fulfill (Bloom Blair, 2000). These are among others, veiling of the women and conducting prayers and rituals from time to time. However, those in Turkey have a high level of commitment and they strive to practice their religious duties as required of them. The women are very keen on practices like veiling. In some other countries for instance, veiling is not a compulsory law and there are no clearly stipulated Islamic laws in place. In the United States for instance, there are no laws that see m to support Islamic teachings at all.In fact Islam is viewed as a terrorist religion especially after the effects of the September 11th attacks (Armstrong, 2000). In Germany, although Islam is viewed in an important dimension, it is not compulsory that women veil and there are no laws to reinforce the practice. In the middle eastern countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia and many more, women are required to strictly comply with the shariah laws and thus it is a rule that they should veil their heads at all times without any compromise. Conclusion Islam is ranked as the second largest religion in the world, after Catholicism. In addition, nearly 40 countries in the world are regarded as being predominantly Islam. Regardless of their cultural settings location, Muslims across the world are guided by the five basic beliefs and practices. For example, all Muslims recognize Prophet Muhammad as the holy messenger of Allah, and that there is no other god but Allah. We also have five basic pil lar of the Islamic faith that is common among all Muslims. However, the interpretations of the Islamic faith across the world differ, based on cultural backgrounds and religious sects. For example, whereas the Shia relies a lot on the teachings of religious leaders, on the other hand, the Sunni are a bid liberal on this issue. Also, the older generation in Islam is very much attached to their faith, while the younger generation is not so much attached to it. The holy war is also viewed differently by Muslims from various parts of the word. Reference List Armstrong, K. (2000). Islam: A Short History. New York: Modern Library. Bloom, J., Blair, S. (2000). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. New York: TV Books. Curtis, E. E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Denny, F. M. (2006). An Introduction to Islam. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Esposito, J. (1998). Islam the Straight P ath. 3rd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. Nasr, S, H. (2003). Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco. Saenz, R. (2005). The Changing Demographics of Roman Catholics. Retrieved from https://www.prb.org/thechangingdemographicsofromancatholics/

E-business As the Present and the Future of Business Models Term Paper

E-business As the Present and the Future of Business Models - Term Paper Example This report will also describe how web pages and websites work, as well as state what are qualities of a good web page. Seatwave The company which is going to be subject of this report is Seatwave. According to the Wikipedia site, Seatwave is a ticket exchange site, in which buyers and sellers can purchase tickets. The site acts as a middleman, much like E-Bay or other auction sites. This is how Wikipedia describes the organization – â€Å"Seatwave is an online ticket exchange service operating in the European market.[1] It was founded by Joe Cohen in 2006 and allows the purchase and sale of tickets to live events including music, theatre, and sport. Seatwave acts as the middleman, with buyers and sellers never having contact with one another, but the site guarantees all tickets. If a buyer pays for tickets that never arrive, the company will find replacement tickets or issue a full refund. The company also guarantees that all tickets come from legitimate sources. Sellers are not paid for their ticket sales until after the event has occurred and buyers have gained entrance† (Wikipedia.org). Understanding the Scope of E-Business The Seatwave is a fan to fan site, so the most relevant business model would be the customer to customer model. That said, there are also value chain issues with even a fan to fan site, so this implicates the business to business models, as well as the business to consumer and consumer to business models. Most of the models today would be considered to be customer to customer, customer business, or business to customer. Good examples of the customer business and business to customer models would be several of the models described by Tvrdikova & Koubek (2010), which are described below. E-procurement is the one business to the business model described Tvrdikova & Koubek (2010), and this is where businesses use the Internet to obtain or provide products and services to one another. Usually, these procurement models use an int egrated approach, such as combining procurement and value chain into one model (Niles, 2008), or combining products, services, and activities into one model (Zott, 2010). This is echoed by Jovarauskiene and Pilinkiene (2009), who see business to business as two partners dealing with one another, as opposed to dealing with discrete tasks, such as just value-chain or just procurement. Stockdale and Standing (2004) enumerate some of the benefits and barriers to e-marketplace participation. They state that one of the benefits is that the business can keep up with changing business landscapes, so that they are flexible and nimble, which are two excellent advantages. The changes that they cite include global market access facilitation, changed production costs and methods, enhanced communication, stimulated competition and reduce transaction costs.They also cite lower transaction costs, improved product differentiation, improved ability to enter supply chain for larger companies, improved customer service, a great potential for partnerships, access to more markets, and convenience as also being

How Serious a Threat to Democracy Is the Far Right in Europe Today Essay

How Serious a Threat to Democracy Is the Far Right in Europe Today - Essay Example However, other citizens although fewer in number, continue to exploit the same freedom so as to challenge existing political systems with a view of undermining equality, civil rights liberty, and at times seriously endangering them (Katz and Mair, 1995). For quite a number of decades, a radical political system was the major cause of the major cause of these challenges. From the late nineteenth century and onwards, including the World War II, democratic regimes incorporated legal measures to exclude the far right parties from the political game (Betz, 1994). In this manner, liberal democracies acted in a manner to ensure their own stability. However, political dynamics within the last decade has led to the emergence of new forms of threat to the stability of the existing democracies. In this context, such threat is referred to as the uncivil society. Notably, such threat seem to more fluid in the structure and the nature of the political parties, thus presenting an even much greater challenge than the subversive political parties towards the democratic regimes in search for measures to ensure stability. In this study, we contend that, in the 21 century achieving stability by outlawing of some far right political parties is no longer an effective strategy. Moreover, contrary to the to the declines of parties and trade off theses , it is argued that, far right parties and the uncivil society are in joint operation to advance similar goals and thus presents the double threat operating right from parliament and within its environs. The changing nature of the political process By 1850, virtually no county in Europe knew the basics of a political party apart from a few small groups of... This paper has highlighted the three objectives, which were exploring how changes took place in the European politics, which were heavily affected by the far right wing activities. Secondly, the paper has explored the boundaries of the within the European political systems and lastly whether the new regimes have completely replaced old regimes or they have forged cooperation’s. In recent years, the changing role of the party institution has had a significant impact on the far right wing parties. As noted it is only until the 1980s that new wave far right parties emerged. Like their counterparts, the new parties can be regarded as cartels which enjoy poor links with the society. The emergence of new forms of governments not only the growth of the far right camps but also plays a role in their expansion. Generally, uncivil society comprises of well established individuals and groups which have the full support of the current politicians and in some extent they have forged allian ces. Notably, the uncivil society is geared toward subverting liberal democracy through their old fashioned political movements. They hope to govern behind the scenes, influencing all the decisions made at national level. Indeed, such strategies are directed at introducing crime and violence. However, social movements are closer to the people as opposed to the political parties. Some grass toot activities carried out to the far right agenda reveals the intolerances as well the hatred in the society. Although political party has changed in Europe, the role of the party as an organization still remains and in fact these is presented in far rightwing ideologies.

Summary Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Summary - Lab Report Example Even today, every job that a person has, is somehow or the other related to the environment and thus an environmental studies student needs to evaluate his skills and define his values on a personal as well as societal level. In order to develop an academic plan, a student needs to understand the requirements for transfers to different universities, mainly CSU and UC, which have been explained with respect to the marks, units and courses. Students have been clearly explained regarding how they need to go about understanding the requirements of the various departments within each and every course in these various colleges so that they have options once they get out of school in order to make themselves productive. The A.A degree is then emphasized upon which requires a total of 90 units. The various major and minor environmental studies plans have been talked about and the vitality that an internship holds in the life of a student has been greatly discussed in order to help the studen ts understand that only when they work in various fields will they understand what interests them and what excites them. Therefore, the options that an environmental studies student has have been deliberated upon along with the various credentials associated with each and every course which may be beneficial during the course of his study. Every student needs to check his major requirements as his academic plan will ultimately consist of a GE or general education and a major. Students require a guide and De Anza College provides exactly that for them to be lead towards the various programs and questions were encouraged greatly. The teacher again and again highlighted the need for preparing a strong mission statement because that in it would act as a blueprint for the student towards his course achievement. A tremendous amount of careers in the environmental studies field was talked about like the jobs in fields of recycling, energy, agriculture etc. and how each student can finally contribute towards fostering the environment and making a difference. Teachers from universities like the San Jose University spoke about the various departments and courses that they offer as well as the areas of expertise that they excel in and unique features of their programs which include an excellent atmosphere for learning as well as the personal attention provided to each and every student and the internships that they are entitled to as part of the program. The environmental studies degree is very flexible because there are various job opportunities and so students are taught to be focused but be light on their feet in order to move from one field to another under the same branch. The second class mostly emphasized on the various careers that a student can get into, taking into account the internships that one must undergo before associating himself with a particular job; for example an energy management advocate, biologist working in various fields, undertaking work in the biodiversity etc. and time must be spent reviewing various books in order to work towards the final journal which would include the path that each student would want to finally undertake instead of simply juggling the various options. A concrete academic plan consists of focusing on a single area which throughout the course would be made. Various organizations like eco.org were talked about with respect to job opportunities

Emergency Response System in the UK

Emergency Response System in the UK Emergency Response Systems in the United Kingdom By Khalil Jetha Emergency response protocol in the United Kingdom is unique, dependent on both the nature of the incident and the branch responding. The British police, whose existence spans hundreds of years, has streamlined emergency response using methods that incorporate the general public as well as a relatively new mode of operations which focuses on service orientation. In contrast, the specter of the privatization of healthcare services has driven British Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) to adopt a five-tiered system in order to maintain the smooth running of operations at the scene of major incidents. British policies are unique, catering to the ever-changing demands of a dynamic population. Incident response relies on the crisis response policies implemented; â€Å"simply put, the purpose of† British crisis response policies â€Å"are to help ensure the provision of effective and efficient crisis† service (Brock 1998, p. 46). All British crisis response involves a set system of application. The initial â€Å"crisis response task is for† authorities â€Å"to assess the impact of a given situation and determine if [their resources will be able to deal with the crisis† (Brock 1998, p. 94). Once the facts surrounding the crises are determined, the appropriate branches are then sent to the scene. Though policies and protocols exist to effectively approach urgent or compromising situations, the smooth running of operations is largely reliant upon an official government policy statement. While it serves to alleviate public concerns, â€Å"an important reason for developing a crisis response policy statement is to protect† public servants â€Å"from charges of negligence† (Brock 1998, p. 46). In the rush of incident response, operations at the scene are streamlined and practiced tirelessly; the most important aspects of incident response are those that allow emergency response official s to carry out the functions of their jobs. Educational programs and training regimens are required of all incident response teams. â€Å"Education and training helps instill in individuals the appropriate actions to take in different circumstances and mentally and physically prepares them to carry out† actions to ensure the smooth running of operations at the scene of a major incident (Davis 2003, p. 59). The many overlapping aspects of incident response duties among various departments necessitates a separation of duties and responsibilities; by establishing firmly the different responsibilities of incident response teams, the government enabled each sector to operate while minimizing legal liabilities in the course of action. The separation of responsibilities involves â€Å"sources of information shared among service departments† such as â€Å"police departments, coroner’s offices, fire departments, [and hospitals]† (Brock 1998, p. 47). Like incident response teams in most democracies, British incident response teams are subject to scrutiny from many angles as they are part of a larger bureaucracy at work. The British government not only delineates the duties to which a certain response team is obligated, but also restricts other teams from carrying out the duties of another team. All effective crisis response policy statements include components such as â€Å"a definition of what types of crisis situations will require a crisis response, a statement of official responsibilities during crisis response, and a statement of the government’s stance on crisis preparedness† (Brock 1998, p. 47). The most important systems are those that prevent the halt of incident response services, such as the establishment of public relations figures as well as figures who cater to the public both during and immediately following major incidents. Crisis response systems, after all, exist to respond both to â€Å"sudden and unexpected events† that â€Å"have the potential to affect a large number† of people’s â€Å"social and emotional well being† (Davis 2003, p. 38). Establishment of liaisons in public are key in the establishment of crisis response, as most emergencies also require â€Å"facilitating communication between† the public and official bodies (Brock 1998, p. 272). Such communication has proven to empower the public to take part in the workings that exist to protect them. One such case is the British police, whose centuries-old operations were redrawn in the late 1970s and early 1980s in order to accommodate the changing needs of an increasingly diverse population. â€Å"As the twentieth century moved to a close the police were looming large in the national culture of the United Kingdom,† initially as figures on which the public could rely (Howell et al 1999, p. 207). The South Asian immigrant boom of the twentieth century caused rifts between the population and the police force. The majority of incidents reported were those of civil unrest, not criminal activity. Officers would respond who could do little, as their mode of operations did not accommodate for rioting or street violence. As a result, the standard of police services has drastically evolved since 1975, when â€Å"the public considered the UK police poor performers,† with surveys [recording] falling levels of public satisfaction with the police† (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Both native Britons and new immigrants were contemptuous of a police force they perceived to be inept and indifferent. The British police therefore were required to change the nature of incident opera tion from one of simple response to one of containment. The inabilities of the police in the 1970s not only disheartened many citizens, but also proliferated violence and criminal transgressions. A growing â€Å"number of incidents of public disorder during the late 1970s and early 1980s were interpreted as symptoms of a loss of confidence in the police† (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Change, however, did not come easily. The bureaucracies that served to protect law enforcement and other departments also stalled the evolution of police responsibilities and duties. Public intervention in the bureaucratic system for the most part hastened the facilitation of policy shift. In effect, the police developed a symbiotic relationship with the public, who revolutionized the police force; â€Å"communities [asked] for a more caring police [force],† one that operated more like a customer-service organization than a law enforcement agency (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Operations at emergency scenes therefore became one that necessitated public involvement, especially in matters of containment. The official British stance changed, as police officers became more empowered. Changing their duties and responsibilities (not to mention their mode of operations) was a compromising situation for politicians from all parts of the governmental spectrum. The growing frequency of civil unrest and public disorder changed reactionary protocol from one of practiced methodology to one of severe administration of personal infringement. Officers essentially â€Å"have different powers to restrict the liberty of citizens and different degrees of discretion with regard to how and when these powers can be exercised† (Tupman et al 1997, p. 17). With full knowledge of these new powers in mind, the political left and right-wing were further polarized as neither could decide what limitations, if any, were called for with the growing number of riots and hate crimes. It was the â€Å"inner-city r iots of 1981† that prompted politicians to call â€Å"for new policing methods but, even as suggested reforms were being implemented, there were further scandals and increasingly political controversies† (Howell et al 1999, p. 208). Police duties and methodologies at the scenes of major events were called into question. The statute of containment superseded the statute of limitations previously set as â€Å"policing involves not only crime management (repression) but also order maintenance† (Tupman et al 1997, p. 27). Criminals were apprehended with no due process or formal charges levied against them, earning the police the widespread contempt of British citizenry; â€Å"at the very time when the public perceived that they were not being given effective protection against new classes of criminals, the police themselves seemed riddled with corruption and prone to conspire in ‘gross miscarriages of justice’† (Howell et al 1999, p. 208). As a re sult of media scrutiny and the police’s perennial existence in the public eye, the British government instituted a series of quality checks, rapidly and radically changing the face of emergency response. Quality checks have become a part of the British police force in order to ensure the smooth running of operations and the cooperation of the public in incident response. Public intervention caused an outcry among many law enforcement officials, who argued that the police existed outside the public in order to perform their duties unhindered by the public they were striving to protect. Many analysts countered, â€Å"arguing that the problem-oriented policing would answer many of the community concerns being raised by the changes in society, and would overcome the insular culture of the police† (Ebbe 2000, p. 158). Today, quality service checks and public involvement determines the course of police response methods and protocol. Quality checks prompt the police to change their mode of operations through â€Å"training, planning, and identifying† public needs (Ebbe 2000, p. 159). The police force’s involvement with the public is an exemplary incident displaying the operations that exist in order to better conform to the issues warranting emergency response. Perhaps most important are the functional areas of incident response that, along with bureaucratic requisite institutions, aid in retaining the efficacy of emergency response. The action of response is divided into five functional areas: â€Å"incident command, operations, planning, logistics, and finance† (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Delineated in Robert Worsing’s Rural Rescue and Emergency Care, the five areas are applicable in all aspects of emergency medical response. â€Å"All five functions† are implemented â€Å"in almost every rescue operation, though they may not be performed a s separate entities† (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Incident command serves as the operational head at the onset of every encounter, organizing and deploying response teams as deemed necessary. Operations serves to handle the physical protocol tailored to most every situation foreseeable, while planning handles workings with the city and different branches of government. Logistics and finance are incorporated at every turn, as both are immediately involved in the bureaucracies of incident response. Bureaucratic cooperation is essential in the sharing of information and the delegation of responsibility in all emergency response situations. Interdepartmental workings in both logistics and finance serve to better work in times of heightened stress. Often, â€Å"a system of mutual aid may be incorporated,† meaning â€Å"that different agencies or organizations may be preassigned [sic] to various functional areas† (Worsing 1993, p. 19). For example, a fire brigade may be sent to aid in emergencies when medical response resources may be depleted. The cross-assignment of duties relegated can prove to be a logistical nightmare, however. â€Å"One of the most common problems in emergency response occurs when more than one jurisdiction or agency is involved in an accident†; if more than one response team has the capability to treat an incident, logistics and operations cannot dictate and assign said duties as the departments have been separated for liability’s sake (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Policy shifts have allowed for â€Å"mutual aid agreements† to define â€Å"roles and responsibilities to minimize the potential for disagreements and problems,† speeding â€Å"the operational response to an incident† (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Ongoing bureaucratic reform ensures the smooth running of operations in incident response. These reforms and proposed changes in the policies of emergency response pose the potential to ensure furthered efficiency in incident response. Emergency medicine has the unique opportunity to contribute to health care and incident reform â€Å"by instituting a comprehensive and collaborative public health approach to emergency medicine† and incident response (Bernstein 1996, p. 15). The British government ensures â€Å"that resources [are] available† to facilitate policy shifts in order to reform deficient aspects of medical incident response (Bernstein 1996, p. 15). Incident response operations in the United Kingdom are heavily reliant on the bureaucracies that surround their workings. Most of the systems that enable them to carry out their daily functions are political in nature, as the five functional areas are reliant upon each other’s separation, regimentation, and cooperation in order to serve the public. Political action, not physical response, ensures the smooth execution of emergency care. Whether the police force, fire brigade, or EMT, incident response in the United Kingdom remains reliant upon the assurance of public and governmental intervention to preserve the nature and efficacy of incident response; what separates the United Kingdom from other countries is its citizen’s empowerment to become involved in the processes that develop emergency services. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bernstein, Edward. (1996) Case Studies in Emergency Medicine and the Health of thePublic. Boston, Jones Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Brock, Stephen E. et al. (1998) Preparing for Crises in the Schools: A Manual forBuilding School Crisis Response Teams. New York, John Wiley Sons, Inc. Chalk, Peter and William Rosenau. (2004) Confronting â€Å"The Enemy Within†: SecurityIntelligence, the Police, and Counterterrorism in Four Democracies. Santa Monica, Rand Publications. Davis, Lynn E. (2003) Individual Preparedness and Response to Chemical, Radiological,Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks. Santa Monica, Rand Inc. Ebbe, Obi N. Ignatius. (2000) Comparative and International Criminal Justice Systems:Policing Judiciary, and Corrections. Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann. Howell, David W. and Kenneth O. Morgan. (1999) Crime, Protest and Police inModern British Society: Essays in Honour of David J. V. Jones. Cardiff, U of Wales P. Private Publication. (2001) Acute Medical Emergencies: The Practical Approach.London, BMJ Books. Private Publication. (1999) Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research andDevelopment to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, National Academy Press. Skolnick, Jerome H. (1994) Violence in Urban America: Mobilizing a Response.Washington, National Academies Press. Tupman, Bill and Alison Tupman. (1999) Policing in Europe: Uniform in Diversity.Exeter, England Intellect Books, Inc. Worsing, Robert. (1993). Rural Rescue and Emergency Care. Rosemont, Jones BartlettPublishers, Inc.

Sigmund Freuds Representation of Three Tall Women Essay -- Freud Psyc

A Deeper Understanding of Three Tall Women According to Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis is a â€Å"procedure for the investigation of mental processes which are almost inaccessible in any other way† (Fodor and Gaynor 147). It becomes a deeper contrast of a person’s mentality to consider the design of â€Å"interplay† within the â€Å"urging and checking forces† of the conscious and unconscious (Fodor and Gaynor 147). Freud’s representation of â€Å"Three Tall Women,† relate the characters by the â€Å"neuroses that sometimes result from the suppression of memories and desires too painful to deal with† (Freud, â€Å"The Dependent Relationship of the Ego). While not completely opposing religion as a factor in the conscious and unconscious, Freud does claim that the â€Å"Oedipus complex is at the root of religious feeling† (Palmer 113); so the idea of religion is not based on the desire of pleasing a God with the basis of good vs. bad, but instead, according to Freud, i t is the sexual desires that come from being attached to a father figure. As characters B and C are introduced first as outside acquaintances, then as stages of character A’s past, the play is transformed into what may be perceived as Freud’s theory to the relation of the conscious and the unconscious, but could also be noted as the change a person undergoes throughout their lifetime in which religion, or the desire to maintain morality, is checked by outside influences. The interpretation, backed by Carl Jung, argues that â€Å"religion need no longer be perceived as a conglomerate of guilt ridden repressions and ritualized obsessions, but as a natural and legitimate dimension of psychic activity† (Palmer 113). When Freud’s argument is counterbalanced, it can be found that the interpretation F... ...ud may be correct on some terms, but the true unconscious desires do not come from a sexual want, but more from the want of a moral individuality, and characters C and B epitomize such a notion and deep understanding that exists in character A, but is challenged with the influence of society and the struggles of growing older. Albee, Edward. Three Tall Women. New York: Dramatists Play Service, Inc. Fodor, Nandor, ed and Gaynor, Frank, ed. Freud: Dictionary of Pychoanalysis. New York: Philosophical Library, 1950. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1930. Freud, Sigmund. â€Å"The Dependent Relationship of the Ego.† Palmer, Michael. Freud and Jung on Religion. London: Routledge, 1997. Personality Theories: Sigmund Freud. Boerce, C. George.. 25 November 2007 .

The Contribution of Informatics to the Development of Social

Essay The contribution of Informatics to the development of social networks and their impact on society Change is continuous constant; inevitable and sometimes unpredictable. We can easily say that world has changed a lot in industrial and mechanical era but the change seen in last half a century is exponential and amazing. If we have to credit one invention which had bought such a revolution, it would be computers. With advent of computers, a new paradigm shift was seen, computers enable mankind to compute and process data in more meaningful way with a blink of an eye.And it did not stop there, once a standalone computing machine, the true acumen of computers was judge when they were connected with each other forming a giant mesh of information following from one place to another in speed of light. As technology advances, the hardware and software capabilities of computers increased, now recently 1terabyte of hard disk space is normal for personal PCs, where servers and super comput ers can manage thousands of terabyte easily.Well it is debatable that can we apply â€Å"Moore’s Law† on the expansion of Internet too, but in practice it’s seen that Internet has grown tremendously in past years. Currently there are more than 50 billion web pages on Google alone, so one can easily imagine the depth and breadth of Internet. Humans have always shown eagerness and urge to learn unlearnt, find which is not found yet and invent things with improvisation and innovation. This hunger for knowledge is reflected on Internet, as it has abundance of information where millions of people quench their thirst.But the most amazing thing about the age of information and Internet is that they not only infested our professional or educational life but they have imbued our social life too. Aristotle once quoted in his Politics that â€Å"Man is by nature a social animal’, well if Aristotle would have been alive now he would have uttered that indeed man is s ocial network animal. Internet helped to shape new social norms in our generation, though we are in transaction period but in more than two decades this would be a tautology.Alvin Toffler in his book â€Å"The Third Wave† declared that the shores of the Earth have been struck by wave of information. Interestingly the power of Internet and socializing through networks was so strong that when Alvin Toffler wrote this book back in 1980’s Internet had not yet reached its epitome, though it has not reached it now but it’s far more glorious than back in 80’s. But still the anthropological changes pointed by Alvin are very visible and evident. Ships, trains, supersonic jets etc. have not shortened the edges of this world but Internet has really made this world a global village.It would not be an exaggeration; but single invention of making a meager data packet flow from one point to another brought all other inventions of 20 century to their knees. As there was a huge junk of scattered information lying on the Internet which would be useless in majority of cases was channelized by the brilliant idea of socializing sites. The informatics provided a concrete edifice to these social sites which developed their existence surrounding it. I can still remember that when I made my first account on orkut and shared a funny and witty scrap among my friends. I was rejuvenated by the replies and then it was no looking back.The concept of interacting with your friends who are at far geographical locations was just amazing and it also provided a taste of cross cultural exchange, and not only that but also increases your intellect by indulging in talks and debates around the world. The lacuna of geographical, cultural, religious, cast, creed etc. was beautifully filled by social sites and networks. The vastness of these social sites are unimaginable, as on face-book statistics, its reported that 800 million users are active member of face-book, and accor ding to Metcalfe’s law the number of connections can be calculated by squaring the connected people.One can hardly imagine vastness of the â€Å"node link† graph of these social sites. There is no harm in accepting that these social sites are now imperative part of our lives. But with pros there are also some cons attached they come with package, as human being is a bit stubborn, prejudice and many people will argue but sometimes irrational too, social site failed to provide tolerance and flexibility.It rather serves the purpose of fulfilling your social desires; desire to be loved and liked by your friends etc. But still I am not pessimistic, I am firm believer that these social networking may not bring complete ignorance and patience but will pave the path for global tranquility. In the end, I would like to conclude that social networking has shaped this world and I feel lucky and blessed to be a part of this revolution.

About His Person By Simon Armitage Essays

About His Person By Simon Armitage Essays About His Person By Simon Armitage Paper About His Person By Simon Armitage Paper During my video a man whose voice is slightly eerie but very crisp and clear particularly when there are other sound effects will read the poem About His Person by Simon Armitage. I decided this because the poem is as if a policeman is reading a dead persons belongings. The video will begin with a very bright image of a dead man who is lying on a concrete floor it will be as if the sun is shining into the camera lens. Concrete can symbolise the coldness and harshness of the world that has partially led to the mans death. Some of the images that are evoked by the words of the poem will be represented by the images shown. But this will not be the case all the time, as I do not want the video to be overly literal. The video will always return to the image of the dead man as this is the most important image and should remain in the audiences mind. Some of the images will be symbolic of specific events for example the shot which shows flowers being ruthlessly trampled on represents the end of the relationship between the man and the woman. The only other character in the video is the woman with who the relationship has ended with. She is pictured crying over a suicide not left by the man. The sound of her crying is vital and is continued for several shots after to emphasize how upset she is. Sound is also used to interpret some of the words of the poem. When the words a brace of keys are said keys ate heard rattling. This sound is very distinctive and is followed by the tick tock of a clock, which stops abruptly symbolizing the end of the mans life. The audience is shown where the man has slit his wrist. This shot is very dramatic and shocking and will remain in the audiences mind. This shot will have a red tinge which will add the image of blood and dramatic mood. An important image of the video is that of the photo which the appears in the mans wallet and the womans locket. This shows how happy they were together and how they both cherished the relationship that they shared. It must have been very important to both of them because they kept the happy image of them both together close to them. The photo shows them happy and in love which they no longer are. The last image of the ring wobbling is symbolic of the end of their relationship too as it has been dropped. It is the mans ring and he has taken it off before slitting his wrists. Whilst this image is on the scene the words that was everything are spoken this indicated that the mans relationship was everything and that is why when it ended he felt that is live was over and so ended it abruptly and before his time. The overall mood of the video is one of extreme sadness as the man has killed himself due to the end of his relationship with the women. The video aims to explain the poem somewhat but still leave lots of unanswered question therefore not ruining the mystery. The audience is still left with many unsolved theories and so each viewer can make up their own mind and fabricate their own story behind the poem.

Free Essays on Hamlet, A Detaled Summary

The play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is about a son’s revenge for his father’s murder and the catastrophe of the ensuing events. This overwhelming adventure of tragedy and deep thought has entertained generations for over four centuries. Like must of Shakespeare’s plays, he uses philosophical thinking characters. Unlike Shakespeare’s other plays there are numerous questions that remain unanswered at the end of the play. The foremost and arguably the most important question could be â€Å"Is Hamlet actually crazy?† Is he faking his mental balance, or has he actually gone of the deep end? That sole question continues to question many brilliant minds, and remains unanswered. Therefore, as we begin, the play is set in Denmark, during the Middle Ages, where the house of Hamlet rules all of Denmark. The story begins with Francisco, a soldier standing watch outside the gates of Elsinore Castle, meeting Barnardo who has arrived to replace him. Marcellus, another guard, and Horatio, a scholar and friend of Hamlet, soon joins Francisco and Barnardo. Horatio has been brought along due to Francisco and Barnardo’s claim to have seen a ghost while on watch. While Barnardo describes to Horatio exactly what he has seen, the ghost appears in front of them. Horatio tells Barnardo that the ghost looks like the deceased King Hamlet, also known as Old Hamlet. Horatio tells Marcellus that he will enlighten young Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark and the son of King Hamlet, that a ghost keeps appearing in the shape of his father. Marcellus knows where young Hamlet is and leaves with Horatio to find him. Queen Gertrude, other lords, and attendants in the castle accompany King Claudius, who has assumed the throne since his brother King Hamlet died. He addresses the people, telling them that although his brother’s death is fresh in their minds, it is time for them to rejoice his royal marriage to Queen Gertrude, who was also his brother’s... Free Essays on Hamlet, A Detaled Summary Free Essays on Hamlet, A Detaled Summary The play Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare is about a son’s revenge for his father’s murder and the catastrophe of the ensuing events. This overwhelming adventure of tragedy and deep thought has entertained generations for over four centuries. Like must of Shakespeare’s plays, he uses philosophical thinking characters. Unlike Shakespeare’s other plays there are numerous questions that remain unanswered at the end of the play. The foremost and arguably the most important question could be â€Å"Is Hamlet actually crazy?† Is he faking his mental balance, or has he actually gone of the deep end? That sole question continues to question many brilliant minds, and remains unanswered. Therefore, as we begin, the play is set in Denmark, during the Middle Ages, where the house of Hamlet rules all of Denmark. The story begins with Francisco, a soldier standing watch outside the gates of Elsinore Castle, meeting Barnardo who has arrived to replace him. Marcellus, another guard, and Horatio, a scholar and friend of Hamlet, soon joins Francisco and Barnardo. Horatio has been brought along due to Francisco and Barnardo’s claim to have seen a ghost while on watch. While Barnardo describes to Horatio exactly what he has seen, the ghost appears in front of them. Horatio tells Barnardo that the ghost looks like the deceased King Hamlet, also known as Old Hamlet. Horatio tells Marcellus that he will enlighten young Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark and the son of King Hamlet, that a ghost keeps appearing in the shape of his father. Marcellus knows where young Hamlet is and leaves with Horatio to find him. Queen Gertrude, other lords, and attendants in the castle accompany King Claudius, who has assumed the throne since his brother King Hamlet died. He addresses the people, telling them that although his brother’s death is fresh in their minds, it is time for them to rejoice his royal marriage to Queen Gertrude, who was also his brother’s...

Should individuals be allowed to sell their organs on the open market Research Paper

Should individuals be allowed to sell their organs on the open market in the U.S - Research Paper Example Those improvements would increase the number of lives saved. Putting a social priority in place and imposing regulations that require donation when possible will help to increase the number of patients saved by organ donation. In addition, opening the avenue of commerce for body part sales from live donors will allow for more lives to be saved when the social concept that it is unethical is removed. The integrity of the medical community is one of the primary concerns in the idea of making medical care subject to commerce. However, the United States already limits health care to those who can afford it. Therefore, selling organs in an open, but controlled market is not against the ethics of the medical community and will allow for more patients to receive the treatment that they need in order to promote longer, healthier lives. Organ transplants: Selling body parts for profit Organ transplants depend upon donations from the loved ones of people who have died or the loved ones of thos e who need an organ that can be taken from a live donor with still preserving that life. Blood can be donated in bulk along with plasma. Sometimes blood banks pay for donations of blood. However, selling organs is strictly forbidden, thus contributing to a burdened system that has long lists of people in need of transplants. When discussing the sale of organs, the issues that prevent this from occurring are based upon ethical standards of practice. These ethics are put into place for a reason; however, framing the issue differently might provide an ethical way in which to encourage more available organs while still preserving the integrity of the medical industry. Examining the topic of organ donation requires studying health behaviors. Health is a social issue, the ways in which health issues managed part of a social construction of behaviors in which medical personnel and patients interact towards defining the experience of illness and disease (Siegel and Alvaro 4). While the medi cal science provides treatments for health issues, society creates structures for administering those treatments. The frustration that many patients have is that there is treatment available, but the necessary components needed, whether that be federal laws, money, or medical materials, are not available. At this point, the social system reveals one of its flaws. In the case of organ donation, the lists are much longer than the availability of the required organs. Thus, the drive for organ donation becomes vital in providing the quantity of organs needed to save those that are suffering from various diseases. When considering all types of transplants, including tissue transplants, the chances of a person needing some form is one in two people (Institute of Medicine Committee on Rates of Organ Donation, 2006, p. 293). According to UNOS (United Network for Organ Sharing) (2011), the total number of people who are active on the organ transplant list is 72,260 with 110,624 total on the list as of 2:07pm on April 1, 2011. The difference is caused by those who are on the list, but who are inactive because they have become medically ineligible, either temporarily or permanently. From January to December of 2010, there were 28,664 transplants from 14,506 donors (UNOS). This difference reveals a disparity between the number of available organs to the actual need. In Africa, Asia, Europe and South America, the commercialization of organ transplants occurs, with renal transplants being one of the more commonly sold form of

Ryanair the low-fares airline (Stratigic management) Assignment

Ryanair the low-fares airline (Stratigic management) - Assignment Example The balance sheet of the company shows that there has been a steady increase in the organisations net profit from 2006. The organisation is regarded as the world’s most profitable airline and this can be attributed to its strategic position in the budget airline industry. However, despite showing positive signs of growth in the industry, it has been recommended that Ryanair should embark on a drive to improve its marketing and communication strategies since it has been receiving negative media coverage. There is need to portray a positive image of and counter the negative publicity given to the airline by the media. It has also been recommended that the airline should strive to improve its industrial relations given that the employees are not fairly treated in this particular case. Employees should be treated as valuable assets in the organisation to ensure its viability. ... anair’s competitors-------------------------------------------------------------9 6.0 Strategic capabilities---------------------------------------------------------------9 7.0 Recommendations-----------------------------------------------------------------9 8.0 Conclusion--------------------------------------------------------------------------10 9.0 Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Fig 1SWOT analysis--------------------------------------------------------------------6 Fig 2 Porter’s generic strategy model------------------------------------------------8 1.0 Introduction During the current period, it can be noted that organisations operate in an environment that is characterised by external factors of which in some cases, the companies have little control over them. Against this backdrop, this report seeks to critically evaluate the Rynair’s strategic position with regards to its external environment, competi tive forces, competitors, opportunities as well as threats. A SWOT analysis will be carried for the airline. The report will also discuss the company’s financial analysis, strategic capabilities, strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations about the measures that can be made to maintain the company’s success will be given at the end of the report. 1.1 Overview of the organisation Ryanair is a budget airline in Europe and it was modelled after the successful US carrier, Southwest Airlines. Ryanair was founded in 1985 by the Ryan family with the aim of providing scheduled passenger services between Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK). The aim was to provide an alternative to the then state monopoly carrier, Aer Lingus. Since its inception, the company went through a great deal of turbulence which resulted