tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67666844278025277472024-02-08T05:40:08.525-08:00How to write expository essaysEssay Topics In The Kite RunnerDeidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.comBlogger36125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-60134809513206905732020-08-24T05:56:00.001-07:002020-08-24T05:56:03.568-07:00Theory X, Y, and Z Essay ExampleHypothesis X, Y, and Z Paper Correlation and Contrast on Theory XY and Z Douglas McGregor proposed that there are two unique manners by which we can take a gander at laborers mentalities toward work. Every one of these perspectives, which McGregor called Theory X and Theory Y, has suggestions for the board. Hypothesis X (dictator the board style) - People don't generally prefer to work and will maintain a strategic distance from it assuming there is any chance of this happening so they should be constrained, controlled, coordinated, compromised with discipline to get them to work. - The normal laborer keeps away from duty, is unambitious and needs security more than all else. The board dependent on Theory X is paternalistic, best case scenario and, in any event, tyrant. - Rewards and discipline are accepted in this hypothesis to be the way to worker efficiency. Hypothesis X chiefs accept that laborers are just inspired by one thing cash. They are egotistical, languid and abhor work. They should be firmly control led and coordinated. Hypothesis Y (participative administration style) The hypothesis Y is somewhat the contrary picture of X - Effort in work is as normal as rest and play. Individuals will put forth a concentrated effort control and self-bearing in the quest for hierarchical goals, and the outside control or the danger of discipline isn't the main methods for getting them to work. - Commitment to targets is an element of remunerations related with their accomplishment. The most significant prize: fulfillment of their own inner self needs. - People generally acknowledge and frequently look for obligation. - Creativity, resourcefulness, and creative mind are generally disseminated among the populace. Individuals are fit for utilizing these capacities to take care of a hierarchical issue. In current industry the scholarly capability of the normal individual is just halfway used. Hypothesis Y supervisors accept that Workers are inspired by a wide range of elements separated from cash. They make the most of their work and they will cheerfully assume on liability and settle on choices for the business. Hypothesis z William Ouchi Theory Z makes certain suppos itions about specialists: People will in general need to fabricate agreeable and cozy working associations with those that they work for and with, just as the individuals that work for them. We will compose a custom paper test on Theory X, Y, and Z explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Theory X, Y, and Z explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Theory X, Y, and Z explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer They have a significant should be bolstered by the organization, and profoundly esteem a workplace wherein such things as family, societies and customs, and social establishments are viewed as similarly significant as the work itself. They have an all around created feeling of request, discipline, moral commitment to buckle down, and a feeling of attachment with their kindred specialists. At long last, Theory Z laborers can be trusted to carry out their responsibilities to their most extreme capacity, insofar as the board can be trusted to help them and post for their prosperity. Probably the best part of hypothesis Z is the drawn out work which would speak to Americans since they need professional stability. The aggregate dynamic will make a decent workplace and increment efficiency. Something that Americans wont like is the moderate assessment and advancement. Americans dont like to hold up a very long time before they can get an advancement and they would prefer to find another line of work. Another incredible advantage is that the organization will have comprehensive worry for you and your family. Hypothesis Z likewise puts more dependence on the mentality and obligations of the laborers, though McGregors XY hypothesis is for the most part centered around the executives and inspiration from the chiefs and associations point of view. Correlation Contrast Douglas McGregor will in general classify individuals as some kind: either being reluctant or unmotivated to work, or acting naturally roused towards work. Dangers and disciplinary activity are believed to be utilized all the more successfully in this circumstance, albeit money related prizes can likewise be a prime spark to make Theory X laborers produce more. William Ouchi accepts that individuals are naturally self-spurred to not exclusively accomplish their work, yet are faithful towards the organization, and need to cause the organization to succeed. Hypothesis X pioneers would be increasingly tyrant, while Theory Y pioneers would be progressively participative. In any case, in the two cases it appears that the administrators would at present hold a lot of control. Hypothesis Z supervisors would must have a lot of trust that their laborers could settle on quality choices. In this way, this sort of pioneer is bound to go about as mentor, and let the laborers settle on a large portion of the choices. As referenced above, McGregors directors, in the two cases, would appear to keep the majority of the force and authority. On account of Theory Y, the supervisor would take proposals from laborers, yet would keep the ability to execute the choice. Hypothesis Z proposes that the directors capacity to practice force and authority originates from the laborers confiding in the board to deal with them, and permit them to carry out their responsibilities. The laborers have a lot of info and weight in the dynamic procedure. Strife in the Theory Z field would include a lot of conversation, cooperation, and arrangement. The laborers would be the ones fathoming the contentions, while the supervisors would play to a greater extent an outsider judge job. This kind of supervisor may be bound to practice a lot of Power based compromise style, particularly with the Theory X laborers. Hypothesis Y laborers may be allowed the chance to apply Negotiating procedures to comprehend their own disparities. Hypothesis Z underlines progressively visit execution evaluations, yet more slow advancements, while as indicated by Theory X, examinations happen all the time. Advancements likewise happen all the time. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-73695815576480001962020-08-22T00:40:00.001-07:002020-08-22T00:40:34.343-07:00Leadership Marketing Institutional Affiliation â⬠MyAssignmenthelpQuestion: Talk about the Leadership Marketing Institutional Affiliation. Answer: Presentation: In spite of the fact that there are numerous likenesses among worldwide and residential pioneers, yet at the same time worldwide pioneers are seen confronting more difficulties like language, mentality of various culture individuals, and contrast in foundation. In this manner creating competency among pioneers identified with transnational showcasing is significant. Difficulties looked by transnational showcasing pioneers ordinarily includes ones that are identified with innovation and complex nature of work under various circumstances. They are likewise qualified for oversee holes among rich and poor by adjusting adaptable and modifying nature in their work culture(Guetz, 2015). Out of different kinds of initiative abilities identified with transnational showcasing, three of the most significant of them includes creating key qualities out of them. Ones which are likewise meant as focus of worldwide initiative competency incorporate individual change and mindfulness. Furthermore, mental character of pioneer to oversee issues by controlling and cementing activities, identifies with want of mental attribute of pioneers who can play out their work in the wake of improving greatest assets. Other than this they are additionally self steady, empathically solid and have judgment abilities. They are additionally qualified for propel different representatives working under global condition and tolerating the unpredictability of working with various societies. Thirdly, goal of conduct competency among transnational showcasing pioneers is likewise discovered that identifies with the nature of pioneers describing long range informal communication aptitudes and informatio n. Here substantial information and unequivocal abilities are considered so as to give noticeable outcomes. Applying a system of competency by underscoring more on instruction and evaluation is wanted to quicken exceptional sorts of transnational markets(Jokinen, 2004). Business technique that centers around single retail location associations with underline on expanding productivity and volume by offering items to people as opposed to building relationship with the purchasers in called value-based promoting. These sorts of showcasing methodology are relied upon 4 Ps standards which are: Product, Pricing, Placement and Promotion(TechTarget, 2014). This sort of showcasing methodology has end up being costly however gives benefits in since quite a while ago run. These sort of advertising require creating singular deals approach for which portability contributes as a significant factor. Since clients these days are profoundly relied upon promoting techniques, making purchaser and vender relationship has gotten extremely noteworthy. Value-based showcasing needs keeping up solid relationship with its clients and in this manner requests increasingly adaptable methodology which can be satisfied subsequent to including portability in its exchanges. Making brand unwaveringness among clients has additionally become point of convergence of numerous associations. Therefore two-way correspondence is encouraged by greater organizations through relationship supervisory groups. With the developing innovation and web accessibility, acquiring versatility relationship the board to build deals through value-based promoting has gotten simpler than previously permitting organizations to screen clients request and issues that can help in improving their image. In value-based promoting, organizations focuses in making brisk deals without sitting around idly on client connections and alo ng these lines giving limits and different advantages gets obligatory. In the event that portability in business is applied it gets enticing for different assets to put resources into the business. Anyway cost of making new clients gets higher since infiltrating in more up to date advertise is consistently costlier(Castro, 2015) References: Castro, J. (2015, 09 04). Relationship Marketing versus Value-based Marketing: A Biased Discussion. Recovered from https://www.multiversemediagroup.com/promoting tips/relationship-advertising versus value-based showcasing a-one-sided conversation/ Guetz, I. A. (2015, 06). Transnational Strategy Shift: The Importance of Cultural Awareness. Recovered from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/958e/4742d8e940cac950ecc9ec3fae3e290de749.pdf Jokinen, T. (2004). Worldwide initiative skills: an audit and conversation. Recovered from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.457.4572rep=rep1type=pdf TechTarget. (2014). Relationship Marketing. Recovered from https://searchcrm.techtarget.com/definition/relationship-promoting Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-43314752645411025712020-07-17T23:35:00.001-07:002020-07-17T23:35:05.274-07:00How to Dissolve a Group Conflict Quickly How to Dissolve a Group Conflict Quickly Conflict is an unfortunate, yet an undeniable part of human existence. If youâre a team leader, then you know that your role involves that of the âpeacekeeperâ. You need to learn to dissolve conflict to guarantee the team can achieve common goals and continue performing to the highest level.In this post, Iâm going to help you identify the steps and strategies you need to take and adopt in order to dissolve a group conflict quickly. Youâll learn about classifying the conflict, engaging in a constructive manner, and adopting strategies that help the team find an effective solution.DEFINING GROUP CONFLICTConflicts are not alike. They come in all shapes and sizes, and more importantly, conflicts can have both negative and positive consequences. You therefore should never approach conflict, as it is always the same and just assume it will lead to a negative disruption in the workplace.As Iâll show you during the post, the reasons behind the conflict can be varied and the outcome can actually lead to a beneficial result for your business â" so donât despair if your team starts arguing.Before examining the different ways you can classify group conflicts, you should note the different types of conflicts. Group conflict essentially is just one of a subset of the five common conflict types. These five are:Conflict within the individual â" These are generally value-based conflicts the person has within themselves. For example, if you are a vegan and you are passionate about animal welfare, you might be conflicted if you worked at a steak place and you had to serve meat, even though you find in unethical. Similarly, your position might lead to conflicts â" a police officer attending a party on his free time might be conflicted with people using illegal substances, yet feel like itâs not the time and place to start arresting his own friends.Interpersonal conflict â" These conflicts occur between two or more people and it is the most common form of conflict. The reason can vary from power conflict to conflicts in value. You might, for example, be at locker heads with another person at work over which method to use for accounting.Conflict between an individual and a team â" Individuals might not just clash with each others, but also with a team. This would mean that one person is in disagreement with a team of people. Imagine you were a waitress and you felt the rest of the team is not putt ing enough effort in customer service, yet the tips (you mainly earn) were divided among the whole team. You might therefore be in conflict with the rest of the group.Intergroup conflict â" You can also find conflict among different groups of people. This could happen in an organization as well. For instance, your accounting team might feel strongly that the sales team is not being efficient enough in cutting costs, while the sales team might disagree with the notion and feel like the accountants donât understand their pressures.Inter-organizational conflict â" These group-based conflicts can occur in a much larger scale, meaning two separate organizations or entities are in conflict with each other.In this post, Iâm focusing on the team-based conflicts. These are essentially interpersonal problems, which appear between two or more people on a team. Group conflict also has a disruptive element to it, even when it isnât necessarily negative. For good and for worse, a team con flict always affects teamwork â" the team doesnât perform optimally during a conflict situation.As the above already alluded to, group conflict can have a variety of reasons. The most common reason is an imbalance between the perceptions, goals, and values of the team.Essentially, your opinion might differ from that of Person X and this creates an imbalance within the team and makes achieving the objectives difficult at that time. Figuring out the reasoning behind the conflict â" classifying it â" can be the key to solving it.CLASSIFYING THE CAUSES OF GROUP CONFLICTAbove I identified some of the different ways conflict occurs and touched on some of the reasons people find themselves in a confrontational situation. Aside from understanding who is in conflict â" an individual or a group â" itâs also important to understand the causes of the conflict or the driving forces of the conflict. What is sustaining the conflict? What is the basis of the conflict?By answering these que stions and identifying the underlying causes and manifestations of the conflict, you can better resolve it. There are three key ways to classify a group conflict. You can view it through its functional attribute, its origin, and its behavior.Functional attributeConflicts within a team do not always result in a negative outcome. This essentially means the conflict situation might not result in a situation where the team is unable to perform normally or that the conflict will result it loss of objectives. Put it another way, a conflict can be either functional or dysfunctional.As mentioned above, a functional conflict would not affect team performance in a significant manner. The rest of the team and the parties of the conflict would still be able to perform their duties and continue to produce results that are on par with the objectives. Nonetheless, there would be some sort of disagreement or argument within the team that is still worth looking into.On the other hand, dysfunctional conflicts are those super disruptive events, where the teamâs ability to work is hindered. The team is influenced by the conflict in a way that partly or wholly prevents the team from achieving the shared goals. This type of conflict can have a long-lasting negative attention and generally requires immediate attention.Origin of conflictYou can also classify the conflict based on the origin of it. This means understanding where the conflict has started and how the situation has evolved â" i.e. do people still believe the conflict is about the thing that started it all. The origins or reasons for disagreements have already been mentioned briefly. To recap, group conflicts tend to be based on:Values of team members.Goals misaligning with the expectations and vice versa.Roles and responsibilities of team members.Lack of resources.Itâs generally helpful if you understand which reason is causing the problems, as it can help tackle the issues head on. For example, if someone in the te am (Person B) doesnât like the values of a Person A, you need to consider a different approach than if the conflict was down to Person A having more resources to do his/her work.In the case of the latter, you can solve the situation by redistribution of resources, more support for Person B, or by providing a simple explanation why A needs more resources. On the other hand, solving a conflict of values can require an effort from both employees to find a compromise.BehaviorFinally, you could also classify the conflict based on the behavior team membersâ use during the conflict. Conflict doesnât always lead to an adverse reaction, where people refuse to talk to each other. There can be positive and constructive behavior manifested during conflict. Like you had functional and dysfunctional conflict, you can also have constructive conflicts and destructive conflicts.Constructive conflicts will help team members grow and develop as workers and human beings. The parties of the confli ct use the opportunity to learn something and improve their skills. The conflict tends to end on a solution and a boost in-group spirit. On the other hand, destructive conflicts are demoralizing and often lead to more polarization within the team. They hardly have a solution, at least a positive one, and they can continue causing disruption within the team later on.Now the reason all of the above matters is that it gives you the starting point to begin solving the conflict. If you know its classification â" the who, the why and the how â" you can use the right types of techniques to solve the problem. FOCUS ON THE GOLDEN RULES OF ENGAGEMENTConflict in a way is always a breakdown in communication. There is a clash in communication, either because something is misunderstood, misinformed, or ill shared. In order to resolve a conflict, you need to first ensure the communication channels are restored and are used efficiently.Communication in conflict matters because it helps in meeting the fundamental need of the ego. Our egos want to be listened to, empathized with, appreciated and empowered. No matter what the conflict and the person âat faultâ; everyone has an ego need that needs attention. So, when you start solving a group conflict, your focus should be on feeding the ego with appropriate communication.You should employ three golden rules of engagement during a conflict situation. These are:Listen actively and respond with empathy. Your focus should always be on ensuring all the sides of the conflict get a fair hearing. Even when the conflict might be resolved in favor of one person or the conflict seems unfair, you need to listen to both sides.Instead of telling the group to âstop arguingâ, you need to get people to open up about the issue at hand. Your focus needs to be on active listening. You can engage in active listening by:Allowing everyone to raise their opinion and explain what they think is the cause of the conflict â" Your job is to ask q uestions that clarify the personâs position, not to give your opinion or counter argue.Understanding what different people are feeling â" You need to see everyoneâs perspective. This can help solve the problem quickly (there might have been a simple misunderstanding) and ensures people feel understood.Focusing on the feelings â" You want to focus on outlining the feelings people are having about the issues at hand and the behaviors they think can help improve the situation.Be active throughout the conflict management process and ensure others are included in the process. Continue engagement throughout the conflict management; your listening shouldnât just be limited to the start of the conflict. You need to listen to: get an understanding of what the problem is, find solutions to the problems, and noticing how well the changes are implemented.Therefore, you canât just take in peopleâs opinion, come up with a solution and apply it with a top-down approach. People who are part of the conflict, directly or indirectly need to have a voice in finding the solution and in implementing it. Not only does this guarantee the solution is more long lasting, it can prevent a future conflict.An important part of staying active as the mediator is ensuring you are seen as âthe impartial middle manâ. You canât take sides on a conflict. Instead you want to help everyone understand the different perspectives at play.Maintain and affirm the group membersâ self esteem. The ego doesnât like when itâs crushed or criticized. You can keep a conflict going on simply by nurturing resentment within the group with bad communication. If you donât listen to one personâs opinion or you publicly tell the group someone is at fault, you hurt the ego and you cause resentment.Even in situations where one side might be ârightâ, you need to support everyone. You want to make them feel their cries werenât invalid or that some of their behaviors have been extremely go od or beneficial. Remember the classic sandwich feedback style? You should ditch it and instead consider the Feedback Wrap, which can be especially beneficial when dealing with conflict situations. Hereâs an introduction to the Feedback Wrap by Management30.com: The above method works because it helps focus on the facts and the feelings, as well as the method going forward. This is part of maintaining a personâs self-esteem during conflict. You want to provide them support and the confidence to move beyond the conflict.For example, Person A might be in conflict with the team because he feels he works harder than everyone else. But the team might be performing as needed and the conflict is just about the different approach to work ethic.Instead of telling Person A to stop complaining, you need to support them and make them feel appreciated. This means understanding their frustrations with other peopleâs work ethic, while helping them be a better team member in inspiring others to work harder, rather than just complain about it.HOW TO DEAL WITH CONFLICTOnce you understand the type of group conflict you have at hand and you apply effective communication methods to solving the conflict, you can focus on the actual steps that help eliminate the issue. Youâll need to take these five steps in order to resolve a conflict situation quickly.Step 1: Acknowledge the conflict fast, but calm things down.While you need to be quick in identifying thereâs a problem, donât try to rush things through. Conflict resolution doesnât have to last forever, but it also canât be rushed or forced. When you notice a problem within a team â" either because you hear/see something, someone complains about a problem, or the performance suddenly drops â" acknowledge it immediately.Let the group know you are looking into the issue and start examining the reasons and communicating with the group, keeping the above tips in mind. You should never try ignoring an issue no matter h ow minor it seems to you or keeping things going until later, as you might turn a small problem into a big issue.Not only can delays build resentment within the group, but it can also lead to further problems that might make finding a solution harder. Even just simply acknowledging the issue and allowing people to voice their opinions can be enough to calm things down and dissolve the immediate disruption.Nonetheless, you also shouldnât try finding a solution on a whim. Acknowledgement doesnât equal pushing a solution forward. You donât want to react to a conflict by picking âthe winnerâ and moving on. As mentioned above, there needs to be a careful assessment of the perspectives and appropriate focus on ensuring everyoneâs opinion is heard. Essentially, you need to avoid rushing into negative behaviors like:Finding the person at fault, i.e. pointing fingers.Insulting group members or complaining to people about the conflict or behavior within the group.Making assumption s about the problems or the solutions.Handing ultimatums to team members.When a conflict arises, you need to acknowledge the situation and make sure everyone in the team know you are aware of the issues and that you are going to work with the team to solve the problem. You then need to take a breather and start engaging with the team in conversation, reserving any judgment until later.Step 2: Listen to each side of the conflict.Like Iâve mentioned at the start, the key to solving a conflict lies in creating appropriate communication channels. This starts by listening to each side of the conflict â" even the people who arenât directly involved in it.You want to have team members provide you with their honest account of the situation. This is often best done face-to-face, ensuring people feel comfortable to speak their minds without the fear of a backlash. You can later have a team-wide conversation as well, but itâs a good idea to allow people with the space to speak alone as well to get a more honest image of what it going on.When you are engaging people in conversation, your focus should be on getting them to talk about the three pillars of conflict:What is happening? Why the conflict is taking place?How to solve the situation?As you have people answering the above questions, youâre actually taking two steps to resolving the problem. First, you get a better idea of what is going on, as well as valuable insight and tips into how things could be resolved. But you also get the team members to rationalize and think about the situation at hand with an outsider.This can help them understand whether thereâs validity in the arguments they are making and perhaps even realize how they could instantly find a way to solve it.Step 3: Start finding common ground.As you engage people in conversation and you start listening to the perspectives, you need to make note of the common ground. Are there certain issues people seem to agree on? What are the common behavio rs or outcomes that people are hoping to get out of the situation?Noticing agreements can help in a conflict situation because it bridges the gap between the disagreements. It forces people to focus on the issues everyone agrees rather than the problems that are dividing opinion. When youâve listened to peopleâs statements and opinions, note down all the things people agree on and start looking for a solution based on this common ground.As Iâve explained previously, engagement is crucial. When you start finding the common group and compiling your thoughts based on the different ideas and opinions, you want to ensure the rest of the group is engaged. Donât just note how the team agrees on improving resource management in your head, but make everyone see this is something everyone is looking to achieve. Make people acknowledge other personâs perspective and the agreements the group has.Furthermore, you need to acknowledge your responsibility it finding the solution. Being a team manager doesnât mean you canât eventually have an opinion or make a judgment call on the next steps. If the conflict looks unlikely to be resolved within the group, you do need to step in.Behavior that is out of bounds (someone is being viciously attacked or abused, for example) must also be tackled swiftly and without a âcompromiseâ. Indeed, itâs crucial to understand that finding common ground doesnât always mean compromising or forcing the âmajorityâ decision on the minority.The fact that the majority thinks Person A shouldnât have access to more resources might not be solved adequately by reducing the resources. Person A might actually need the resources because of Reasons A, B and C. Common ground might not be a compromise an allowing everyone access to the exact resources, but understanding the goals better and explaining to everyone the justifications why Person A needs the extra resources, i.e. increasing accountability and openness.Step 4: Agree on a solutionConflicts canât just be brushed aside when things settle. Telling people about the solution and then moving on can stop the conflict from being a problem for now, but it probably wonât result in meaningful and long lasting change.The solution should be agreed on with the whole team and the results put in writing. Discuss the solutions together, even if you need to make the final say. Find a solution that seems agreeable and fair to all parties and ensure everyone understands the reasoning behind the solution, even if they would have hoped another outcome.Focus on the positives of the solution. Congratulate people for their efforts during the process and emphasize the importance the solution will have on helping the team thrive and reach previously agreed goals and objectives. Make the conclusion about the positives, not about punishing someone or complaining about the time the team might have lost during the conflict.It also helps to create a more meaningful change by ha ving everyone agree on the solution in paper. You could print out the new commitments or rules youâve decided upon and make sure everyone signs to these rules.The least you should do is to gather the group and make sure everyone is on the same page with the result and understands what the solution means â" i.e. the behaviors that are now expected of them.Step 5: Check up on the conflict parties regularlyYour conflict resolution is probably not the end of it. While you want the âpeace agreementâ to last, you shouldnât take it for granted. Even after the conflict has been solved, you want to engage in conversation with the conflict parties and ensure things are going well. What this does is show commitment on your part to ensure everyone in the team is appreciated and feels comfortable.To check up on the conflict and how the team is doing, you should:Keep an eye on the team atmosphere and focus on trying to sense the mood.Ask how team members are doing and what positive chang es theyâve noted.Avoid reminding people about the reasons behind the conflict, as you donât want to open up old wounds.Enforce and strengthen peopleâs understanding of the team rules and objectives â" create an environment of teamwork.Continue strengthening team trust and co-operation.After a conflict situation, team-building exercises can be extremely useful. Check out the below video for some quick tips on improving team spirit: FINAL THOUGHTSGroup conflicts can happen for a variety of reasons and they can be detrimental to the performance of the team or help the team mould in together. When confronting the issue, the quickest way to solving it is first acknowledging there is an issue and learning about the perspectives that are keeping the conflict alive.You need to know what people feel and think, as well as help them see each otherâs perspective and the common ground they share. Your role should be that of a mediator, yet a manager also canât hide away from the respo nsibility of ensuring thereâs a solution.When you do find a solution, make sure everyone is happy with it and understands the reasoning behind the agreement. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-81390693108723248982020-05-21T17:44:00.001-07:002020-05-21T17:44:09.019-07:00Define and Discuss the Ideas of Global Orientation Chapter 10 Pricing Products: Understanding and Capturing Customer Value 1) ________ is the amount of money charged for a product or service. A) Experience curve B) Demand curve C) Price D) Wage E) Salary Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 290 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-1 2) Price is the only element in the marketing mix that produces ________. A) revenue B) variable costs C) expenses D) outfixed costs E) stability Answer: A Diff: 1 Page Ref: 290 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-1 3) ________ is an important element in the marketing mix. It is the only element that does not represent costs. A) Current profit maximization B) Market share leadership C) Price D) Product quality leadership E) The target marketâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦A) High-low pricing B) Target pricing C) Cost-plus pricing D) EDLP E) Penetration pricing Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 293 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-2 17) ________ involves attaching features and services to differentiate a company s offers and to support charging higher prices.. A) Break-even pricing B) Target pricing C) Value-added pricing D) Cost-plus pricing E) Pricing-down Answer: C Diff: 1 Page Ref: 293 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-2 18) ________ is a company s power to escape price competition and to justify higher prices and margins. A) Variable cost B) Pricing power C) Target cost D) Fixed cost E) Unit cost Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 293 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-2 19) To maintain and increase a company s ________, a firm must retain or build the value of its marketing offer. A) variable cost B) pricing power C) target cost D) fixed cost E) image Answer: B Diff: 3 Page Ref: 293 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-2 20) When there is price competition, many companies adopt ________ rather than cutting prices to match competitors. A) pricing power B) value-added strategies C) fixed costs D) price elasticity E) image pricing Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 293 Skill: Concept Objective: 10-2 21) Ryanair offers free flights to a quarter of its customers and rock-bottomShow MoreRelatedInternational Marketing Ch 1 Essay1693 Words à |à 7 PagesDiscussion Questions for Chapter 1 The Scope and Challenge of International Marketing Discussion Questions |1. |Define: | | | |International marketing |Foreign uncontrollables | | |Controllable elements |Marketing relativism Read More4 Phases of International Marketing Involvement664 Words à |à 3 Pagesdecide which stages they would like to go. Define and discuss the idea of global orientation. Expand business globally is common today in order to expand sales and gain profit. However there are a lot of obstacles in doing business in other countries due to macro factors such as political, economical, social and cultural and technological issues. 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The first section of the study makes an observation of methodological orientations of selected literature; meanwhile the second section claims that worldwide markets have become so uniform and homogeneous that international corporations are given the opportunity of marketing standardized products and services around the worldRead MoreInternational Human Resource Management Practices1645 Words à |à 7 PagesInternational human resource management (IHRM) is the study and application of all human resource management activiti es as they impact the process of managing human resources in enterprises in the global environment (Briscoe, Schuler Tarique, 2012). This part is very important in order to make sure that all problems at global level can be solved. Our economies in the last 50 years have become more integrated than before. There are a lot of factors that contributed to the achievement such as multinational enterpriseRead MoreBusiness Operations Across The World1449 Words à |à 6 Pagesbusiness today. In this assignment I would like to discuss about McDonald. The McDonalds Company is one of the most effective and successful global restaurant chains around the world. They have used very effective management and worldwide growth strategies to enter new markets and gain a share of the foreign fast food market. This paper presents how McDonalds has attained this massive success, its best practices in the international food industry, global growth drifts and challenges, and numerous lessonsRead MoreThe Importance of Diverse and Democratic Schooling Essay881 Words à |à 4 PagesThe purpose of schools today is, unfortunately, to create a well-trained rather than well-educated workforce. However, the true purpose of schooling should be to educate all students equitably, regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, etc., so that they can use logic and reasoning to make informed decisions (Spring, 6). Teachers are at the frontline in the struggle to create well-e ducated citizens within a diverse and democratic society. This essay will examine the criteriaRead MoreHow The Marketing Environment Globally Changed Over The Last Ten Years1547 Words à |à 7 Pages 1344341 Student Name: Nikesh Total Marks: 25 Semester / Year: Two - 2015 Submission Date: Week Five (Friday 14th August midnight) Lecturerââ¬â¢s Name: Leanne McCoy Discuss how the marketing environment globally changed over the last ten years. How have these changes impacted on the role of the marketing manager? What impact have these changes had on the concept of ââ¬Ëcustomer value creationââ¬â¢? From last 10 years marketing Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-28663234436916397642020-05-06T23:37:00.001-07:002020-05-06T23:37:27.059-07:00Angel Estrada . Engl 2310 - 120. Dr. Mcgregor. April 11, Angel Estrada ENGL 2310 - 120 Dr. McGregor April 11, 2017 The Chrysanthemums The difference between men and women is a very controversial issue, while there are obviously physical differences. The problem would be on how the genders are treated. It is stereotypically thought that the men do all the hard work and bring the money to the table, while the women stay at home cooking, cleaning and taking care of the children which are your usual typical housewife. While this stereotype doesn t exist today, it was very common for it to be known in the 1900s. By using many different literary tools such as character development, symbolism, and setting from John Steinbeck s The Chrysanthemums challenges this controversial topic of theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦When her husband Henry had commented about her strong chrysanthemum crop, Elisa is pleased by the manliness the word implies but her husband reminds her of her femininity by offering her an evening on the town to celebrate the big business deal he had done. After this conversation with her husband, she goes back to her masculine role of transplanting the flowers. Loneliness takes a role from the start on how Elisa is lonely just for the simple fact that she s a woman trapped in a world of men. Steinbeck displays loneliness with The high grey-flannel fog of winter closed off the Salinas Valley from the sky and from all the rest of the world. On every side, it sat like a lid on the mountains and made of the great valley a closed pot (704). While adding the fact that the men do business and Elisa is settled to attend the house it makes a pretty strong sense of solitude. This is soon coming to a change once a man knows as the tinker disrupts her usual solitude. It is when her isolation is broken that the story truly begins to unfold. The tinker is the man that started the change on how Elisa was begging to feel about herself that she wasn t just a women. The tinker which a man which stubble on the Elisa working outside. The tinker hopped out to ask for direction to the hi ghway which then sparked conversation with Elisa that changed it all. Elisa engaged with the tinker to show him on how to return to the highway the man to intrigued had then to notice the little Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-42463513414036738712020-05-06T08:19:00.001-07:002020-05-06T08:19:56.444-07:00Racist Speech Free Essays As a society, we need to realize that with honesty, you have a certain responsibility and walk a fine line between offending people and possibly making racial statements. Therefore, the main difference between my interpretation and the conventional one is my focus is on unintentional vs.. We will write a custom essay sample on Racist Speech or any similar topic only for you Order Now Intentional racist speech. The Balance between racist speech and expression in a college environment can be difficult to decipher; students are encouraged and should express themselves while n campus, this embraces their creativity, passion, talent and allows them to feel Like theyââ¬â¢re in a safe environment. However, there is a fine line between expressing themselves in an offensive way vs.. An effective way. The article written by Derek Book titled Protecting Freedom of Expression on the Campus focuses on a situation that occurred at Harvard, stating that ââ¬Å"Two students hung Confederate flags in public view, upsetting students who equate the Confederacy with slaveryââ¬â¢. According to my deflation this Is clearly racist speech and started quite the commotion among the Taft at the prestigious university and caused some other colleges to take racist speech too new level. In Books article his statement of colleges ââ¬Å"some have enacted codes to protect their communities from forms of speech that are deemed to be insensitive to the feelings of other groups. â⬠Even the words ââ¬Å"Insensitive to the feelings of other groupsâ⬠degrades the first amendment and could lead to racism. While some colleges chose not to enforce any restrictions, others varied In their approach and seventy of retribution. There are many ways to deal with this issue but the fact that each institution deals with it differently proves that racist speech continues and the answer remains elusive. Even though communities have the right to regulate speech they must do so very cautiously. If they do, they must apply the rules and limitations across the board and cannot enforce selectively to prohibit certain kind of messages and allow others that they think are acceptable; which can again be portrayed as racist speech. He goes on to say that ââ¬Å"I am sure that the vast majority of Harvard students believe hat hanging a Confederate flag in public view-or displaying a swastika in response-is insensitive and unwise because any satisfaction It gives to the students who display these symbols Is far outweighed by the discomfort It causes to many others. â⬠When freedom of speech does not guarantee that the choice made by the studentââ¬â¢s will be the same choice Book would make. Right after that quote, Book states ââ¬Å"l share this viewââ¬â¢, but we forget that the flag symbolizing slavery was not the intent but rather an unintentional form of racist speech. If you are an agency of the government including public universities the free speech clause in the first amendment will be upheld even if the event offends the feelings or believes of that community. Book says in his article ââ¬Å"l have difficulty understanding why a university such as Harvard should have less free speech than the surrounding society- or than a public universityââ¬â¢. In response Harvard is a private university which means it is not obligated to all government rules and regulation, the problem comes from the ambiguous limitations of the first amendment. Whoââ¬â¢s to say what is offensive or not in the eyes of the law, there are no tangible words for racist speech which results in many different interpretations. Colleges are not the only institutions with this problem; racist speech can be found everywhere. Even President Barack Obama is trying to end discrimination regarding the military and people who have different sexual preferences. The controversial ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t ask, donââ¬â¢t tellâ⬠, passed in 1993, prevents gay men and lesbians from revealing their sexual orientation, and prevents the military from asking about it. This discuss policy has been in effect for over 15 years, and itââ¬â¢s been supported by our military at all levels. However, this law of the ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t ask, donââ¬â¢t tellâ⬠policy is unconstitutional because the main purpose of the First Amendment is freedom of speech, if lesbians and gay men are not allowed to have this right in the military; then the military and congress who approved this law are both racist. This is an example of racist speech and our government is acting as if it were a private institution and not part of a government that is owned by the people. President Barack Obama wants to put an end to the anti-gay policy because it clearly sends a message of discrimination regarding the right to freedom of speech. It is a battle between our right to freedom of speech and the Military right to pass a law only because it can. Although these incidents seem quite manageable they can easily become a much bigger problem. For instance what if someone decides to burn the offensive flag at Harvard down, we now have crossed the freedom of speech line and have committed an illegal act. Can you imagine what would happen in our public schools if we tried to enforce ââ¬Å"donââ¬â¢t ask, donââ¬â¢t tellâ⬠. Speech can cross over to action which causes racial tension but is also considered a crime. If you minimize racist speech you put a spotlight on racism only making the situation worse igniting the flames that started the problem in the first place. Book says ââ¬Å"it would be better to ignoreâ⬠however ignoring the problem is a Band-Aid not a solution. In order to come to a universal agreement that will end racism, means making it a priority to our first amendment. Book says ââ¬Å"The fact that speech is protected by the tuition from Harvard the students who felt offended by the flag that symbolized slavery through their eyes, would strongly disagree with Book protesting that it is our right. However our leaders in congress seem to strongly agree, by their actions of standing by ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t ask Donââ¬â¢t Tellâ⬠, they must believe gay men and lesbians do not have the right to voice talk or congregate with others of their persuasion while in the service of our government about their sexual preference. As long as there is freedom of speech, it is considered wrong to tell someone what they can or canââ¬â¢t say. How to cite Racist Speech, Papers Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-33692179789666356302020-04-25T20:40:00.001-07:002020-04-25T20:40:03.772-07:00Solomon Northups 12 Years a Slave narrates the au Essays - Film Solomon Northup's 12 Years a Slave narrates the author's life story as a free black man from the North who was kidnapped and sold into slavery in the pre-Civil War South. The son of a liberated slave, Northup was born free. He lived, worked, and married in upstate New York, where his family lived . He was a complex hand and also a skilled violin player. In 1841, two con men offered him lucrative work playing fiddle in a circus, so he traveled with them to Washington, D.C., where he was drugged, kidnapped, and subsequently sold as a slave into the Red River region of Louisiana. For the next twelve years he survived as the human property of several different slave masters, with the majority of his slavery lived under the harsh possession of a southern planter named Edwin Epps. In January 1853, Northup was finally freed by Northern friends who came to his rescue. He returned home to his family in New York and there, with the hel p of editor David Wilson, wrote his account in 12 Years a Slave . 12 Years a Slave serves as a time less indictment of the practice of human slavery. Northup's detailing the abuses he suffered and those he was forced to wreak provides a warning to all generations of the moral costs that slavery takes from everyone involved. The slave himself or herself is degraded, made to suffer awful ordeals , and maliciously robbed of physical, emotional, and spiritual resources . Still, the slave is not the only one who suffers. By participating in slavery, the master is morally degraded and emotionally numb . His religion is made hypocrisy. His family heritage is robbed of basic human elegances like love, justice, and honor . In this respect, Northup's 12 Years a Slave is notable for giving human faces to the evil that was once common practice, and for sounding a constant warning of the awful consequences of slavery. 12 Years a Slave is a testimony to the power of the human spirit and the lasting willpower of courage . Solomon Northup is betrayed , abducted , mistreated , removed from family, deprived of self , and beaten into a long, weary, unjustified submission. Yet he is never shattered . Even in his worst days of sorrow lived under the meanness of Edwin Epps, he never gives up hope that one day he will be free. He never loses faith in his friends, constantly assured that if he can only get word to the North then they will indeed come to his rescue. And they do. In the end, Solomon Northup's heartbreaking voyage lifts because in his testimony is sign that faith and hope can endureand win . The three most important aspects of 12 Years a Slave: 12 Years a Slave presents a startlingly accurate and verifiable account of the common slave experience in the United States in the antebellum (pre-Civil War) South. From start to finis h, basic facts about the time, the places, the people, and the practices of the day are incorporated, sometimes in excessive detail, into Northup's story. He speaks with authority on all subjects of his enslavement, naming names and pointing out markers along the way. In doing so, he dares doubters to undermine his story, knowing that public records and common knowledge would defend it. For example, when Northup accuses a wicked slave trader of keeping him captive in Washington, D.C ., he not only names that slave owners , he names the slaver's coconspirator , identifies exactly where the slave pen is hidden, and describes the physical structure of the slave pen in detail. The result? During the trial that took place after Northup had been freed, that slave trader couldn't deny having kept Northup as his captive in that now-exposed slave pen. Additionally, the accuracy of and factual detail in 12 Years a Slave have kept this book renowned as a dependa ble historical reference on slavery for more than 150 years since it first debuted. CITATION McQ13 \l 1033 (McQueen) Works Cited BIBLIOGRAPHY 12 Years a Slave. Dir. Steve McQueen. 2013. 28 11 2016. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-29233086780096625032020-03-18T11:43:00.001-07:002020-03-18T11:43:03.615-07:00What You Need to Know About the Weak ForceWhat You Need to Know About the Weak Force The weak nuclear force is one of the four fundamental forces of physics through which particles interact with each other, together with the strong force, gravity, and electromagnetism. Compared to both electromagnetism and the strong nuclear force, the weak nuclear force has a much weaker intensity, which is why it has the name weak nuclear force. The theory of the weak force was first proposed by Enrico Fermi in 1933 and was known at that time as Fermis interaction. The weak force is mediated by two types of gauge bosons: the Z boson and W boson. Weak Nuclear Force Examples The weak interaction plays a key role in radioactive decay, the violation of both parity symmetry andà CP symmetry, and changing the flavor of quarks (as in beta decay). The theory that describes the weak force is called quantum flavourdynamics (QFD), which is analogous to quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for the strong force and quantum electrodynamics (QFD) for the electromagnetic force. Electro-weak theory (EWT) is the more popular model of the nuclear force. Also Known As:à The weak nuclear force is also referred to as: the weak force, the weak nuclear interaction, and the weak interaction. Properties of the Weak Interaction The weak force is different from the other forces: It is the only force that violatesà parity-symmetry (P).It is the only force that violates charge-parity symmetry (CP).It is the only interaction that can change one kind of quark into another or its flavor.The weak force is propagated by carrier particles that have significant masses (about 90à GeV/c). The key quantum number for particles in the weak interaction is a physical property known as the weak isospin, which is equivalent to the role that electric spin plays in the electromagnetic force and color charge in the strong force. This is a conserved quantity, meaning that any weak interaction will have a total isospin sum at the end of the interaction as it had at the beginning of the interaction. The following particles have a weak isospin of 1/2: electron neutrinomuon neutrinotau neutrinoup quarkcharm quarktop quark The following particles have a weak isospin of -1/2: electronmuontaudown quarkstrange quarkbottom quark The Z boson and W boson are both much more massive than the other gauge bosons that mediate the other forces (the photon for electromagnetism and the gluon for the strong nuclear force). The particles are so massive that they decay very quickly in most circumstances. The weak force has been unified together with the electromagnetic force as a single fundamental electroweak force, which manifests at high energy (such as those found within particle accelerators). This unification work received the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physics, and further work on proving that the mathematical foundations of the electroweak force were renormalizable received the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-28866824561465366872020-03-02T03:30:00.001-08:002020-03-02T03:30:04.088-08:005 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas 5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas 5 Sentences Repaired by Correct Use of Commas By Mark Nichol 1. ââ¬Å"Students write a third essay regarding the impact of geography on history and culture.â⬠The implication of this sentence is that students produce three essays on the topic in question. But if the preceding text refers to differing topics for the first two essays, the sentence suffers from insufficient differentiation. This revision specifies that the third essayââ¬â¢s topic differs from those of the others: ââ¬Å"Students write a third essay, this one regarding the impact of geography on history and culture.â⬠2. ââ¬Å"Students participate in a workshop on learning to research effectively and refine their search with a professional researcher.â⬠The relationship between the verb phrases in this sentence is unclear: Do students first participate in a workshop and then refine their research, or do they participate in a workshop about researching effectively, during which they also refine their search? Either way, the sentence, because of the ambiguity, is erroneously organized. If the former meaning is intended, the sentence should read, ââ¬Å"Students participate in a workshop in which they first learn to research effectively and then refine their search with a professional researcher.â⬠If the latter meaning is the correct interpretation, it should read, ââ¬Å"Students participate in a workshop on learning to research effectively, and then refine their search with a professional researcher.â⬠3. ââ¬Å"He invoked the dreaded comparison with Mary Smith, only Jones has been more successful in her sport than Smith.â⬠Because of the paucity of punctuation in this sentence, the sentence could be read as containing a comma splice, an error in which a comma is incorrectly employed in place of a more substantial punctuation mark. But if a semicolon or a period separates the two clauses, and the second element (depending on which punctuation mark is used, an independent clause or a separate sentence) seems to imply that no one other than Jones has been more successful than Smith, a non sequitur results. Itââ¬â¢s much more likely that only serves as a less formal synonym for however. However, just as when that word is used, the sentence still requires stronger punctuation to clarify its function: ââ¬Å"He invoked the dreaded comparison with Mary Smith; only, Jones has been more successful in her sport than Smith.â⬠The semicolon seems too formal for the casual only, though; a dash seems more appropriate. Either way, however, only must be set off from the following statement by a comma: ââ¬Å"He invoked the dreaded comparison with Mary Smith only, Jones has been more successful in her sport than Smith.â⬠4. ââ¬Å"She also uses a Geiger counter, which measures radiation; motion detectors; barometric-pressure monitors; and thermometers.â⬠This sentence, containing four listed elements only one of which, the first, is modified is hampered by the notion that because of that extra phrase, the usual commas must be promoted to semicolons to bear the burden of supporting the sentenceââ¬â¢s structure. When used with such short phrases, however, the semicolons seem overbearing. The simple insertion of the conjunction plus, which serves to provide more distance between sentence elements than the standard and, obviates the complicating semicolon solution: ââ¬Å"She also uses a Geiger counter, which measures radiation, plus thermometers, motion detectors, and barometric pressure monitors.â⬠(Notice that, for euphony, Iââ¬â¢ve reordered the additional list items according to the number of syllables in each item.) 5. ââ¬Å"The majority has upheld the act in whole, not by relying on an expansive reading of the commerce clause, but on Congressââ¬â¢s firmly rooted power to tax.â⬠The initial proposition in this sentence, ââ¬Å"The majority has upheld the act in whole not by relying on an expansive reading of the commerce clause . . .,â⬠is a continuous thought, and there is no reason to include punctuation within it. But thereââ¬â¢s a larger problem: The sentence is not parallel. Relying should be repositioned to serve both propositions (those beginning ââ¬Å"not onâ⬠and ââ¬Å"but onâ⬠), because the structure of the two phrases, in the original sentence respectively headed by ââ¬Å"not byâ⬠and ââ¬Å"but on,â⬠is discordant. The solution, which (like ââ¬Å"not only . . . but alsoâ⬠constructions), requires no internal punctuation: ââ¬Å"The majority has upheld the act in whole by relying not on an expansive reading of the commerce clause but on Congressââ¬â¢s firmly rooted power to tax.â⬠Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter44 Resume Writing TipsOne Scissor? Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-37042655943166799102020-02-14T18:55:00.001-08:002020-02-14T18:55:02.222-08:00Hauffman Trucking Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 wordsHauffman Trucking Company - Essay Example he choice of the location is important since, a prime location enables the company reap benefits that would have essentially cost the company lots of money to acquire. For example, access to new and efficient technological innovations (Caprio, 2013). Globalization encourages mergers between organizations thus creating bigger companies. This increases the revenue and the value of the organization. The organization gains a larger market share, a decrease in expenses and experiences a decrease in expenses. The prime negative effect of globalization is outsourcing. This is the hiring of new staff from outside the organization to the subsidiary companies set up in different countries. This increases the organization`s expenditure in catering for the increased number of employees. There are five main factors contributing to exchange rate risks. They include the expectations of the economic growth. An economy responds to a growing population in different ways. If the growth occurs too rapidly, the cost of living will increase due to the unnecessary wages paid. With higher growth comes higher inflation and this increases the exchange rates. On the other hand, deflation, which normally occurs during recession, is a sign of economic stagnation. This lowers the exchange rates. Other factors include, trade balance, central bank actions, employment outlooks and interest rates (Wagner, Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-36571856650206089992020-02-01T23:49:00.001-08:002020-02-01T23:49:03.850-08:00Civil Law Rights Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 wordsCivil Law Rights - Case Study Example if date is not mentioned then it is considered that in 7 working days consumer be liable to make payments for specific advertisement and finished the transaction by the date you have agreed with the person providing the service, or within a logical time if you haven't fixed a specific date This case entitle to 'Consumer Sale law' that center on the legal and self regulatory controls on the advertising of consumer goods and services - the law of consumer advertising that is the major provisions of the Trade Descriptions Act 1968. It also entitles to 'Control of Misleading Advertising Regulations 1988', Part III Consumer Protection Act 1987. Liability of sellers and manufacturers if the products sold are not satisfactory or are unsafe - the implied terms in the Sale of Goods Act 1979 (as amended) and related legislation, the manufacturers liability for defective products - Part I Consumer Protection Act 1987 and the general duty to supply safe products under both domestic and EC law with particular emphasis on the toy industry. Legal liability in respect of consumer services with particular emphasis on the travel industry. ... Legal liability in respect of consumer services with particular emphasis on the travel industry. The Consumer and the Internet - the course will examine the regulation of e-commerce in relation to business to consumer advertising and sale of goods and services on the Internet. http://www.law.cf.ac.uk/course/ug/modules.html According to these laws, all buyers are entitled to remedies under the legislation although consumers are entitled to a better range of remedies. Consumers are defined as people who are buying for rationales not linked to their trade, business or profession. A consumer's rights concerning the sale and supply of goods cannot be reduced in any means by a term in the agreement. Limitations might be probable in business- to-business contracts but any restriction is matter to the necessities of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Throughout the United Kingdom, nevertheless, a trader and a customer can concur that these rights do not be valid to a particular transaction for the condition of a service or must only be appropriate to a limited extent. Any such exclusion or restraint will however be issue to the provision of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977. Now we will discuss Rajeev's case. He requests a black leather jacket and accompanies his form with a cheque for 700 in payment of the price. As he received his jacket, he discovered from a label inside the jacket was made in Vietnam. Whereas, Pavarotti Fashions Ltd mail order catalogue in which it was mentioned that all Exclusive items of the highest quality using only natural fabrics hand-made in the European community. This is the pure case of consumer misleading Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-34305869063416422102020-01-24T20:11:00.001-08:002020-01-24T20:11:03.811-08:00The Ethics of Shopping at Wal-Mart Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive EOne has to work hard to consider their values in particular issues and how strongly they feel. This is the choice many people make when they invest in mutual funds, and have no idea where their mutual funds are invested. Many vocal opponents to shopping at Wal-Mart might discover they hold investments in the Wal-Mart. There are 1050 mutual funds that are invested in Wal-Mart, some of the largest mutual funds in the world. There are many people who have no idea where their investments lie. If you want to be true to your value against shopping at Wal-Mart, you need to be careful to remove yourself from investments that support Wal-Mart. You have to review your investments and find out where your money is invested. Let's consider the case of the prominent politician, John Kerry. John Kerry's wife, Teresa Heinz was a highly vocal critic of Wal-Mart. An investigative journalist discovered that she had one million dollars invested in the company. She held a lot of stock in a company of which she was critical. This provides insight into the idea that you have to work hard to consider your values in particular issues and how strongly you do feel. Regardless of what you think of Wal-Mart, Wal-Mart is continually voted as one most admired companies in America by Fortune magazine. This is how Jerry Useem began the article he wrote for Fortune magazine: There is an evil company in Arkansas, some say. It's a discount store-a very, very big discount store-and it will do just about anything to get bigger. You've seen the headlines. Illegal immigrants mopping its floors. Workers locked inside overnight. A big gender discrimination suit. Wages low enough to make other companies' workers go on strike. And we know what it does to weaker su... ...oods they buy in order to have a saner, more livable lifestyle. 2 In conclusion, I agree with the noted shortcomings of Wal-Mart. But, I don't think people can argue that it's unethical to shop at Wal-Mart, that anyone who shops at Wal-Mart is unethical or believe it is ethical to point the figure at those who do shop at Wal-Mart. I suggest everyone first check their values and then their investments, and they'll discover they probably are supporting Wal-Mart, a company they believe is evil, via 401Ks or mutual funds. Works Cited Jerry Useem. Should We Admire Wal-Mart? Some say it's evil. Others insist it's a model of all that's right with America. Who are we to believe? Fortune Magazine February 23, 2014 From "No Place Like Home/Community and the Marketplace" (p. 191 - 193) How Cities Work by Alex Marshall, University of Texas Press Austin, 2013. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-10713915162313454382020-01-16T16:35:00.001-08:002020-01-16T16:35:03.697-08:00Ansoff Matrix Essay1ï ¼Å½ What are the four product growth strategies according to the Ansoff matrix? Critically evaluate each of them with an appropriate example of each. Answer1: (1) Product strategies for growth: a useful way of looking at growth opportunities is offered by the Ansoff Matrix as it is a practical framework for thinking about how growth can be achieved through product strategy. It comprises four general approaches to sales growth: market penetration/expansion, product development, market development and diversification. Market penetration and expansion are strategies relating to growing exiting products in existing markets. Market penetration depends on winning competitorsââ¬â¢ customers or buying competitors (thereby increasing market share). Defense of increased penetration may be through discouraging competitive entry. Market expansion may be through converting non-users to users or increasing usage rate. Although market share may not increase, sales growth is achieved through increasing market size. Product development is a strategy for developing new products for existing markets. It has three variants: extending existing product lines (brand extensions) to give current customers greater choice; product replacement (updates of old products); and innovation (developing fundamentally different products). Market development is a strategy for taking existing products and marketing them in new markets. This may be through the promotion of new uses of existing products to new customers, or the marketing of existing products to new market segments (e.g. overseas markets). Diversification (entry into new markets) is a strategy for developing new products for new markets. It is the most risky of the four growth strategies but also potentially the most rewarding. (2) For example: market penetration (Cadbury Schweppes did by increasing expenditure by 87 percent over a four-year period); market expansion (Kelloggââ¬â¢s has targeted lapsed breakfast cereal users who rediscover the pleasu re of eating cornflakes when feeding their children); product development (the development of the compact disc is an example); market development (Andy Thornton Ltd., an interior design business, successfully increased sales by entering Scandinavia and Germany, two geographic segments that provided new expansion opportunities for its services.); diversification (Sonyââ¬â¢s move into 8 mm camcorders) Answer2: Ansoff Matrix ( can deal with new product) In order to increase sales volume, Ansoff matrix provides a framework, by combining present product and new product, present market and new market into 2*2 matrixes, which are market penetration or expansion, product development, market development and diversification. 1. Existing product + existing market. The strategies for this matrix are market penetration or expansion. For penetration, the most basic way is to win competitorââ¬â¢s customers. This may be achieved by more effective use of promotion (compared with competitors) or distribution, or by cutting prices. Increasing promotional expenditure is another method of winning competitorsââ¬â¢ customers, as Cadbury did by increasing expenditure by 87 per cent over a four-year period. Another way to win competitorsââ¬â¢ customer is to buy competitors. The biggest advantage of this method is to capture customers immediately. Moreover, buying other rivals can also gain their limited resources and advanced skills and expertise. However, it also has its disadvantages, such as high cost of capital and risk. In addition, in order to protect gained penetration, a company has to discourage new competitors to enter into market. Barriers can be created by cost advantages. For example, low labor cost. Highly differentiated products and high switching costs as well as displaying aggressive tendencies to retaliate play a role in repelling new entrants. As for expansion, there are two methods to boost sales. One is to convert non-user to user, another is to increase usage rate. For example, carnation entered the powdered coffee whitening market with coffee mate, a key success factor was its ability to persuade hitherto non-user of powdered whiteners to switch from milk. 2. New product + existing market. The strategy for this category is product development. It can be achieved by three ways. The first way is innovation. Both extend existing product lines for giving customers more choices and add new feature to trigger the trading up can increase sale volume. The second way is product replacement, which involves the replacement of old brands/models with new one. This is common in car industry and often involves an upgrading of the old model with a new replacement. The final oneà is replacement of an old product with a fundamentally different one, often based on technology change. The development of CD is an example. 3ï ¼Å½ Existing product + new market. The strategy is market development, which entail promotions of existing product to a new market, or existing product to a new segment. For instance, nylon is marketed as a replacement of silk, but expanded into shirt, carpet and so on. For new segment, Andy Thornton Ltd. Successfully increased sales by entering Scandinavia and Germany, two geographic segments that provided new expansion opportunities for its services. 4ï ¼Å½ New product + new market. The strategy for it is entering into new markets (diversification). This is the most risky option, especially when the entry strategy is not based on the core competences. However, it can also be the most rewarding, as exemplified by Hondaââ¬â¢s move from motorcycles to cars and Sonyââ¬â¢s move into 8mm camcorders. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-29052683576777913732020-01-08T12:58:00.001-08:002020-01-08T12:58:03.414-08:00The Effects Of Music On Music Throughout History - 1587 Words Toby J. Hess Professor Paschke Humanities 220 April 15, 2015 Technology: The Effects on Music throughout History Music and technology aid one another. In a way a person can capture music they love through technology and then the electronic companies flourish due to the sale and popularity of these electronic devices. If a person wants to listen to music they can turn on a stereo or TV, choose a CD or DVD to play, or listen to a songs downloaded in ITunes. All of these devices are proof to show how technology is used to record, play, and change the way music is heard. A look through history will show how far society has come in music alone. The development of technology has changed the way the music industry operates and the way society hears and purchases music today. It started off with humming, then singing. People sang in church choirs, in the living room, or on a stage. Music can be heard by vocals or by the melodic tune of instruments. People paid to go to symphonies and listen to composers perform their masterpieces. Family gathered around the piano, or at a church to listen to music on the holidays. Music was not portable, nor was it recordable. According to the novel, Looking Backward in 1888, the philosophy was that technology was the ââ¬Å"solution to the ills plaguing modern life and the means to achieve a perfect societyâ⬠(Katz, 51). Meaning that life was boring and technology was the answer to bettering and changing society. 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Guilherme Leal, Pedro Passos â⬠¢ Lââ¬â¢Orà ©al, worldà ´s largest beauty company. â⬠¢ Possibilities for growth included moving to Internet sales, selling products in duty-free shops in airports, and creating retail chains in certain countries. â⬠¢ Natura had become Brazilà ´s biggest domestic cosmetics company. â⬠¢ Leading company in sustainable use of Brazilà ´s biodiversity. â⬠¢ Natura was a unique company with a growing vision for humanity (according Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-89223672603308631552019-12-15T01:41:00.001-08:002019-12-15T01:41:05.069-08:00Rischard Review Questions Free Essays The second force, new world economy, raises emergence because businesses are now crossing borders and becoming more mobileâ⬠¦ Mom of them global. With resources moving around much more, the infrastructure needs to be updated to accommodate theses leaps. Additionally, policies and laws need to be overhauled to ensure that these organizations are playing fairly, paying the appropriate taxes, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Rischard Review Questions or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2. Why is the new world economy so radically deferent from the old world economy? The new world economy is an environment where Information and resources can Instantly span the globe with the touch of a button. The old world economy, by contrast, was a much slower place to conduct business. These days, much more work an be accomplished in the same amount of time. With computers to assist with calculations, data storage, sharing and transfer, as well as advancements in transportation, Including cars to get people to their destinations faster, trucks, planes and ships to transport goods, the new world economy moves at a much faster pace than was possible before. 3. What does Railcars mean by a crisis of complexity? Is our traditional reliance on reductionism science adequate for dealing with complexity? Explain. We have more data than before but less ways to use it. We wind up with less causal data allowing or cause and effect. As the world population grows and the new world economy adds more and more layers by way of technology advancements and globalization, the need for additional economic, social, political and environmental resources and regulations becomes more essential. 4. Describe the two big forces gap and why they are problematic. As the population grows and technology and economy evolves, we are more and more in need of solutions to the problems that we already have. The new world economy and populations keep advancing at alarming rates but the solutions to our robbers are moving along at a snailââ¬â¢s pace. The gap between these two forces keeps widening more and more and without participation on a global scale, the problems will continue to get worse and worse. 5. What are the three new realities Influencing human Institutions? Tell how they are Influential. Hierarchy to Networks ââ¬â In a hierarchy, there Is one individual making decisions. Information must be passed down through a chain of individuals, who all 1 OFF person on top is not the subject matter expert. Networks use a more flat method, where individuals or units can make decisions at lower levels, saving time and sources. The Struggling Nation State ââ¬â The nation state is a structure where the political, environmental and economic systems are contained within a border. Nowadays, with globalization and migration, these lines are getting more and more blurred. Our economies are linked together and dependent upon one another, one country is taking all of the water and polluting what is left in another country and political structures are being redefined. What was once contained and very structured is now falling apart. A new kind of partnership ââ¬â Where there was once a extinct separation between civil society, the private sector and the public sector, they are becoming more and more intertwined. Civil society has become more and more powerful with the advancement of technology and the ability to communicate instantly to other members and groups around the world. Often, group civil society have done extensive amounts of research and are subject matter experts, which are needed to solve some of these global issues. Many of these global issues cannot be solved without the cooperation of businesses and their incredible resources and massive global reach. Their innovation will be vital to getting some of these issues under control. Often times it is the interest of these companies, which moves us forward, not the interests of governments. 6. Which five of the twenty global issues Richard identifies do you think are most important? Explain your thinking. Page Education ââ¬â Many underdeveloped countries are Just stuck in a rut, because they cannot get the simplest education, how washing your hand prevents the spread of bacteria or how to reduce the spread of HIVE. Simple methods could be taught on how to distribute water so that they can grow more food. Water Shortages ââ¬â With arbitration becoming more popular, the need for fresh water becomes more and more off problem. Many areas are using the existing water supplies at unsustainable levels and when the water dries up, they will have a very serious problem on their hands. Commerce ââ¬â The current laws were not written with commerce in mind. It did not exist then. With commerce growing at incredible rates and being conducted internationally, the laws must be rewritten to keep up with the times. Taxation ââ¬â Along the same lines of commerce, as we become more global, equines is being conducted more and more across borders. Many companies and organizations are getting away with not paying what is due. The tax code needs and overhaul with this problem considered. Intellectual Property Rights ââ¬â The idea behind intellectual property rights is that if you innovate, you have the rights to that innovation and are protected from someone taking them from you. This encourages individuals and organizations to spend resources to come up with new ideas without fear of spending that investment for nothing because it was stolen. That is how things are here in the United States. Unfortunately, other countries do not recognize our intellectual property rights laws and steal other ideas which they spent resources to develop which then discourages concerns that require a global commitment or coalition to solve them? Many of these issues are too large for any one country to tackle and many of them are spilling over across borders. Many countries do not have the resources to get themselves out of the hole they are in and continue to deteriorate. Water taken in a country upstream deprives the country downstream of water. Pollution runs downstream and blows across borders. There are many methods which have helped developed countries get to where they are which can easily be shared to help underdeveloped countries get on their feet. Many of these problems must be dealt with from collaboration of many countries, developed and underdeveloped. 8. What are the shared characteristics that span global issues? They are planetary. Without a solution many of these issues will have drastic effects on our common future. They are urgent. The longer we wait, the more damage we do. In some cases, every year that goes by without finding solutions puts us seven years back. They are to expensive to solve in the overall scheme of things. Many of the worldââ¬â¢s problems could be solved with a small commitment of the overall GAP. They are tough. Someone has to give something up for others to gain and the interest of oneââ¬â¢s self almost always comes before the interests of others. None of these issues has been remedied by the current international setup. 9. Compare what Richard calls hierarchical world government with networked governance? Peggy Hierarchal Government is stacked and all decisions must go through one ââ¬Å"leaderâ⬠. Networked government is flat and each issue has ââ¬Å"its own robber solving vehicleâ⬠, making it much more efficient. 10. What solutions other than global issues networks did Richard identify? Peggy One idea is using a 620 track. This would gather global leaders for each issue, Just as the current 620 gathers for financial issues. Another idea is a new diplomacy track and expanded concept of aid, which would assign expert diplomats who would deal directly with their foreign counterparts. This idea would also assign two budgets ââ¬â one for country and one for global issues. It would also set up a global participation fund which would help developing countries participate in the global issues. How to cite Rischard Review Questions, Papers Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-1207601537884896292019-12-06T22:03:00.001-08:002019-12-06T22:03:04.401-08:00My Psychosocial Stage of Development free essay sample My Psychosocial Stage of Development S. Pulliam April, 2011 First I would like to define psychosocial development; this is the development of the personality or the acquisition of social attitude and skill from infancy through maturity. Based on the charting from Ericksonââ¬â¢s Psychosocial Stages of Development, I fall into two separate categories based on my age. From the beliefs of Erickson, he believed that the achievements and failures of earlier stages influence later stages, whereas later stages modify and transform earlier ones (Erickson, 1980).The first is Young Adulthood and the second is Middle Adulthood. In the two stages from the chart the information is based on (Young adulthood) Intimacy v/s Isolation and the second one (Middle Adulthood) is based on Generativity v/s Stagnation Work and Parenthood Adults. Although there are two separate stages in the psychosocial stages that I fall under, I feel that I am at the midpoint for each and I have decided to consider both aspects in doing my psychosocial stages of development. To explain how the two stages correlate to my life, I decided in the last year to settle down and get married this is based on my young adulthood information from Ericksonââ¬â¢s chart. The reason there is a correlation to my life based on Ericksonââ¬â¢s chart under middle adulthood id because my life had children prior to the marriage but I am taking a more active role in being involved with activities and school when it comes to my children.In looking at my current psychosocial stage of development influence on my behavior and relationship, I find that I am a calm, and not hard to get along with even under pressure situations that has occurred with us based on my jealous tendencies and insecure ways because of previous relationship and not being with the father of my children. The influence that I see in young adulthood over my relationship is that there is a need for intimacy but not a major desire to have it on a regular basis. The isolation comes from not being so open and friendly to other males in my life or surrounding because of my relationship with my husband.I have male friends that I am social with but I do not allow the intimacy line to be crossed b ecause of my relationship with my husband. The influence that I see in middle adulthood is the need to have a nurturing relationship with my children and creating a positive change to benefit my children lives. In looking at this I made changes in the way I approached my children and how I would not shelter them from the truth when they would ask me questions but give them true answer to their question. As small children I did not feel the need to give much explanation to my childrenââ¬â¢s questions but now I try to explain everything to them without being untruthful to them or give them false ideas about what is going on around them. To explain the positive and negative outcomes to psychosocial stages of development, I would have to say that there are many positive and negative but the few that stand out to me the most are. First negative outcome, getting over insecurities I had about the intimacy relationship that I chose to take on after breaking off a 10 year relationship with my childrenââ¬â¢s father.The second negative outcome was getting over the trust issues I had before going into the current marriage that I am in right now. The third negative outcome was getting pass the change of personality and ways I had to endure going into the marriage and getting use to a new personality and making the changes on both parts to make our marriage work to the best of our ability. Based on this information I feel that the positive outcomes to the psychosocial stages of Erickson were in a good way and I can see the difference in my life and marriage.First positive outcome was that I am able to trust again within my relationship with my husband. The second positive outcome was that I made a strong bond with my children and I have not only been a mother to my children but I am the friend that my children confide in when they have feeling they want to express. The third positive outcome I see is that I am calm and stress free with the way I deal with problem within my relationship and I am able to compromise with my spouse when we do not agree on things.In evaluating how other developmental issues have influenced my personality, I would have to say that during my early childhood life I dealt with a few attachment issues with my mother. I feel that during this stage I did not bond with my mother like most children tend to do when the mother is present because she was pre-occupied with her career as a teacher and coaching. So during this age I was in close relationship with my father and I never felt the true connection with myself and my mother like so many girls or women tend to have with a mother.Most of my time I spent with my father and aunts when I was in my early childhood age so I did not really know that much about my mother other than she coached and taught physical education. I admired what she did so I took on the quest of becoming a physical education teacher as well. In School age time I had to bare a lot of pressure in participating in sports and in my school work because the expectation was so high on me to achieve my education and athletic abilities because of what my mother represented in our community.At the same time I was pressured by other students because they felt that the only reason I made the team was because of my mother not because of my own ability. Once I graduated my goals with education were so different. I felt more of the need to help others in crisis situation so I went back to school to get my degree in mental health and social work and that is still my drive today. So from this experience I feel that I have a very strong personality in spite of the way so many tried to bring me down and I am a true fighter for what I believe in deep within my heart.My personality from what I can see is a driving force of who I am and I refuse to be compared to my mother in my quest to achieve greater feats in my life and the way I live my life. It is okay to be compared to her but I know that I could never be my mother or even like her because my drive and ambition is so different from the way she handles things. References http://www. support4change. com/stages/cycles/Erikson. html Erikson E. , 1980. Identity and the Life Cycle. Norton, New York http://currentnursing. com/nursing_theory/theory_of_psychosocial_development. html Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-71426035238312764662019-11-29T10:06:00.001-08:002019-11-29T10:06:03.079-08:00What Is Truth Essays - Philosophy, Theories Of Truth, What Is Truth? What is Truth? Truth exists and is an absolute. Contrary to the mush-minded meanderings of modern educators, truth is not relative. If my truth differs from your truth that can only be because either one or both of us is unaware of the truth and has called something true which is not. Truth must have not the slightest touch of maybe to it. Maybe is dishonesty to truth and if it touches truth, then truth becomes maybe. Truth is more and beyond that which is true. Truth is a concept in philosophy that treats the meaning of true and the criteria by which we judge the truth or falsity in written and spoken statements. For thousands of years, Philosophers have attempted to answer the question ?What is Truth Truth is the quality of being true, and anything that is true is a truth, the concept of truth is uncommonly complex and variable. Thoughts, ideas, beliefs, and opinions are said to be true or false. An idea makes a truth claim and is true when the character of what is thought about upholds its claim. Forms of words or statements are also said to be true or false. This can be explained by saying a set of words is true when it expresses a true thought. ?Truth? should be replaced by the ?facts?, ?reality? or the ?way things are.? Truth is often imagined as consisting in a speaker's honesty with respect to what he believes. Occasionally truth is rehashed, as in the doctrines of the German philosopher Gottlob Frege. Mohandas Gandhi spoke of ?The Absolute Truth, the Eternal Principle, that is God? and said, ? I worship God as Truth only.? Jesus said, ? I am the Way, and the Truth, and the Life.? God is truth and the essence of it. All of his ways are truth and all truth stands or falls as it is measured against Him. If we love truth and seek after it, we cannot help but run into the outstretched arms of God. He wants us to know the truth, which is to know him. God places the truth before us and gives us complete freedom to choose how to respond to the truth. If we turn to God and ask him to instruct us in the truth and to lead us to salvation, we will surely receive that which we ask because our prayer will be in line with God's desire for us. The word truth is mentioned in the bible 235 times. Philosopher's proposed four main theories to answer the ?What is Truth question. They are correspondence, pragmatic, coherence, and deflationary theories of truth. Plato developed the earliest version of the correspondence theory. He sought to understand the meaning of knowledge and how it is acquired. Plato wanted to distinguish between true and false belief. His theory was based on intuitive recognition that true statements correspond to the facts, while false statements do not. A 20th-century British philosopher Bertrand Russell and Plato recognized this theory unsatisfactory because it did not allow false belief. Both Russell and Plato stated that if a belief were false because there is no fact to prove it to be true, then it would be a belief about nothing, or not even a belief at all. Each then thought that the grammar of a sentence could offer a way around this problem. But how, they asked, are the parts of a sentence related to reality? One suggestion is from the 20th-century philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. He stated that the parts of a sentence relate to the objects they describe much like the way the parts of a picture relate to the objects pictured. But false sentences pose a problem. If a false sentence pictures nothing, there can be no meaning in the sentence. The correspondence theory of truth is really no more than an expression of how the word ?truth? is defined. Some criticisms focus on an epistemological problem that is involved in knowing whether or not a proposition does indeed agree with the facts. We clearly do classify propositions as true or false in everyday life, but we cannot securely do so on the basis of their correspondence to reality. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-46641052990825853322019-11-25T15:16:00.001-08:002019-11-25T15:16:05.074-08:00Muslim perceptions on IslamMuslim perceptions on Islam Introduction Muslims are the second largest religious community in the world after the Catholics (Saenz, 2005). Even though they are racially and ethnically diverse, they have taken on to themselves various connotations and there have been various perceptions regarding how Muslims are viewed across the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslim perceptions on Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the same respect, it is also evident that different Muslims in different countries behave differently depending on the cultural practices surrounding them. This therefore means that they perceive the Islamic teachings differently and that the practice is not the same all Muslims. In some countries for example, it is mandatory for women to wear a veil while in other countries, this is not compulsory (Curtis, 2006). Going by the foregoing arguments, in spite of them being deeply rooted in their faith, Muslims f rom different parts of the world view Islam differently. This does not however mean that their practices are dwindling; it only illustrates that faith and religion are as good as oneââ¬â¢s beliefs and perceptions. As such, the essay below is an attempt to analyze the teachings of Islam and thereafter, illustrate how they are interpreted and perceived by different Muslims from different countries. Islam: Beliefs and Practices The Islamic religion is characterized by many beliefs and practices that have to be adhered to by members of this religious group. According to Saenz (2005), there are over one billion Muslims living in the European countries and in other continents like Asia and North Africa. In addition, there are approximately 40 Muslim dominated countries in the world (Saenz, 2005). Even though the various practices of Islam are different from one country to another, nonetheless, we do have basic fundamental elements and teaching that they all look up to. The basic teachi ngs of Islam revolve around Prophet Muhammad as the teachings were first revealed to him in the (Saenz, 2005). Prophet Muhammad later collected these teachings that he had received and compiled them into the Holy Quran. In order to get guidance and teachings in their day- to- day lives, the Quran is a very important asset of the Muslim faithful since they rely on it as a basis for leading an Islamic way of life, according to the teachings of Allah, though Prophet Muhammad.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides being a prophet who role was to gather the materials in the Quran, Prophet Muhammad lived a life that was exemplary and that deserves to be emulated by all the Muslims. Five Pillars of Islam Every Muslim is required to adhere to the Islamic teachings which require that they follow the five pillars of Islam. The first of these pillars states that every Muslim has to confess his/her faith. In this case, all Muslims supposed to declare that besides Allah, there are no other gods (Esposito, 1998). This means that the Muslims are required to declare and acknowledge the monopolistic nature of the religion. Under the teachings of Islam, Muslims have to observe the second pillar of Islam which is prayer. In this case, they are required and instructed to pray at certain times of the day and in total, ensure that they pray at least five times a day. The sequence of the prayer guideline begins with the azan prayer which is a call for all Muslims to come together and pray. They are then required to follow an order in the recitation and proclaiming of messages in the Quran (Esposito, 1998). This entails taking successive bows while facing towards the city of Mecca, the holy land. In addition, Muslims are also to offer an amount of tax which is the equivalent of an offering that is dedicated for the poor and the needy among the Muslim members of the society. This particular pillar is compulsory to all Muslims, as opposed to being voluntary. The fourth pillar is observing the Holy Month of Ramadan through fasting from sunrise to sunset, based on the sayings of the lunar calendar. During this period, Muslims area also required to reflect on their lives in regards to the wealth they have attained or the health that they have been endowed with. They are then required to look out for the less fortunate in the society (Esposito, 1998). The last pillar that the Muslim faithful are supposed to observe according to their teachings is the pillar of pilgrimage where they are required to visit the holy city of Mecca in pilgrimage at least once in their entire lifetime. Interpretations of the Islamic teachings across the world The above teachings have however been interpreted differently by Muslims from different countries thus forming different sects in the Muslim community. This means that the practices by each sect differ vastly f rom those of other sects. Some of the different sects that have emerged in Islam include the Sunni and Shiite Muslims. The Sunni Muslims are the majority in the Muslim world (Armstrong, 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Muslim perceptions on Islam specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the Shia are a group of Muslims who practice a more decentralized type of Islam than the Sunni.The Sunni are of the view that it is not necessary to have one authoritarian religious leader but deem it important to rely on scholars that have been widely educated and on the profound religious texts (Denny, 2006). With regard to the interpretation of the Quran, the Sunni are more literal in comparison with the Shia. On the other hand, the Shia rely too much on their religious leaders and view them as people that have been divinely elected by God to help them in their spiritual growth especially in the analysis of the Quran. In the same regard, their views on Islamic teachings are more authoritarian than communitarian. In countries like the United States can be categorized as being liberal not in the sense that they do not observes the Islamic teachings but due to the fact they are entirely the type that do not need guidance or constant contact with their religious leaders in order to know what is required of them (Denny, 2006). The same applies to other developed countries like the United Kingdom, Russia and Germany. However, in countries like Saudi Arabia, Indonesia and Nigeria, the Muslims are more intertwined with their leaders and this is reflected even in their religious practices and in their conservative nature. They tend to keenly uphold the prayer times with constant visits to the mosques for spiritual nourishment. Another sect that has emerged in the same aspect is the Sufiââ¬â¢s who are deemed to be a different group of Muslims that perceive Islamic teachings in a different manner. They interpret the Islamic teachings as symbols and allegories and thus practice very mystic religious activities as compared to the latter groups (Denny, 2006). In order to meet the qualities and characteristics that Muhammad showcased during his time, the Sufiââ¬â¢s have chosen to neglect their natural being by not recognizing material wealth and in order for them to be more committed on the love and meditation of God. In a survey that was recently conducted in the Muslim community on how they view Islam and how they practice it in their lives, the results were varied especially when compared with Muslims from other countries (Saenz, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of the fact that all the participants agreed on the core commitment to God, nonetheless, they differed in their level of commitment, openness to certain Islam teachings and interpretations in regards to their faith and in acceptance of the above sects as mentioned earlier. In the Middle East and the North African countries there was a very high belief in God and the prophet Muhammad followed by the Asian countries (Saenz, 2005). Central Asia and sub-Saharan Africa were ranked fourth and fifth respectively with Europe being the last of the group with 85%. Through the survey, it emerged that most of the Muslims in the countries where Islam was ranked as first and second largest religion regarded it as a very important aspect of faith and by extension, their lives. However, in the United States, Only 69% of the Muslims regarded their faith very important to them (Saenz, 2005). Nonetheless, in some nations that have only recently emerged communism like Russia, Muslims have very little concerns as regards their teachings and what their religion requires of them. It was noted in the survey that not more than half of the Muslims in the county quoted religion as important to their lives. The same characteristic was also predominant in the Balkans. However, 67% of the Muslims who took part in the survey in Turkey stated that to them religion was very important (Saenz, 2005). These religious differences as highlighted above were also mainly characterized by the difference in age groups with those who are older being more deeply rooted in their religion than those that are younger. It was also noted that there was gender disparity on how the Islamic faith and teachings were perceived among the different countries. In central and south Asia, majority of the women have been quoted to have never attended a mosque. It was also noted that in countries where there is strict compliance with the Muslim teachings and laws like in Saudi Arabia , Morocco, and majority of t he countries in the Middle East and northern Africa, there have been very poor statistics of women attending prayers at the mosque(Nasr, 2003). This is especially due to the fact that the cultural norms of the people in these countries do not permit women to be liberal in certain religious activities. However, women still actively participate in the daily rituals or prayers required of them though not in the limelight as men do. Regarding the element of holy war as a teaching in the Islamic faith, there is a very wide disparity on the level of disagreement. While majority of the Muslims in the Middle East countries and part of northern Africa are strong believers in the holy war, their counterparts in countries like the United States and the United Kingdom seem to be against it (Nasr, 2003). They state that in most cases the holy war end up affecting innocent civilians other than those it was aimed at fighting. As such, it is not fair and rightly targeted (Curtis, 2006). On the othe r hand, Muslims from Saudi Arabia and Morocco are strong advocates for the jihad war, stating that the holy war is aimed at helping to salvage the requirements of the Islamic faith. However, it is also clearly depicted that holy war is not terrorism.To most of the Muslims however, holy war is acceptable. In contrast, Muslims from the south and central Asian countries like India are characterized by low levels of commitment to their religion in terms of the practices that they are obligated to fulfill (Bloom Blair, 2000). These are among others, veiling of the women and conducting prayers and rituals from time to time. However, those in Turkey have a high level of commitment and they strive to practice their religious duties as required of them. The women are very keen on practices like veiling. In some other countries for instance, veiling is not a compulsory law and there are no clearly stipulated Islamic laws in place. In the United States for instance, there are no laws that see m to support Islamic teachings at all.In fact Islam is viewed as a terrorist religion especially after the effects of the September 11th attacks (Armstrong, 2000). In Germany, although Islam is viewed in an important dimension, it is not compulsory that women veil and there are no laws to reinforce the practice. In the middle eastern countries like Egypt, Saudi Arabia and many more, women are required to strictly comply with the shariah laws and thus it is a rule that they should veil their heads at all times without any compromise. Conclusion Islam is ranked as the second largest religion in the world, after Catholicism. In addition, nearly 40 countries in the world are regarded as being predominantly Islam. Regardless of their cultural settings location, Muslims across the world are guided by the five basic beliefs and practices. For example, all Muslims recognize Prophet Muhammad as the holy messenger of Allah, and that there is no other god but Allah. We also have five basic pil lar of the Islamic faith that is common among all Muslims. However, the interpretations of the Islamic faith across the world differ, based on cultural backgrounds and religious sects. For example, whereas the Shia relies a lot on the teachings of religious leaders, on the other hand, the Sunni are a bid liberal on this issue. Also, the older generation in Islam is very much attached to their faith, while the younger generation is not so much attached to it. The holy war is also viewed differently by Muslims from various parts of the word. Reference List Armstrong, K. (2000). Islam: A Short History. New York: Modern Library. Bloom, J., Blair, S. (2000). Islam: A Thousand Years of Faith and Power. New York: TV Books. Curtis, E. E. (2006). Black Muslim Religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960ââ¬â1975. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Denny, F. M. (2006). An Introduction to Islam. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Esposito, J. (1998). Islam the Straight P ath. 3rd ed. Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press. Nasr, S, H. (2003). Islam: Religion, History, and Civilization. San Francisco: Harper San Francisco. Saenz, R. (2005). The Changing Demographics of Roman Catholics. Retrieved from https://www.prb.org/thechangingdemographicsofromancatholics/ Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-80371955664670101602019-11-21T22:40:00.001-08:002019-11-21T22:40:04.480-08:00E-business As the Present and the Future of Business Models Term PaperE-business As the Present and the Future of Business Models - Term Paper Example This report will also describe how web pages and websites work, as well as state what are qualities of a good web page. Seatwave The company which is going to be subject of this report is Seatwave. According to the Wikipedia site, Seatwave is a ticket exchange site, in which buyers and sellers can purchase tickets. The site acts as a middleman, much like E-Bay or other auction sites. This is how Wikipedia describes the organization ââ¬â ââ¬Å"Seatwave is an online ticket exchange service operating in the European market.[1] It was founded by Joe Cohen in 2006 and allows the purchase and sale of tickets to live events including music, theatre, and sport. Seatwave acts as the middleman, with buyers and sellers never having contact with one another, but the site guarantees all tickets. If a buyer pays for tickets that never arrive, the company will find replacement tickets or issue a full refund. The company also guarantees that all tickets come from legitimate sources. Sellers are not paid for their ticket sales until after the event has occurred and buyers have gained entranceâ⬠(Wikipedia.org). Understanding the Scope of E-Business The Seatwave is a fan to fan site, so the most relevant business model would be the customer to customer model. That said, there are also value chain issues with even a fan to fan site, so this implicates the business to business models, as well as the business to consumer and consumer to business models. Most of the models today would be considered to be customer to customer, customer business, or business to customer. Good examples of the customer business and business to customer models would be several of the models described by Tvrdikova & Koubek (2010), which are described below. E-procurement is the one business to the business model described Tvrdikova & Koubek (2010), and this is where businesses use the Internet to obtain or provide products and services to one another. Usually, these procurement models use an int egrated approach, such as combining procurement and value chain into one model (Niles, 2008), or combining products, services, and activities into one model (Zott, 2010). This is echoed by Jovarauskiene and Pilinkiene (2009), who see business to business as two partners dealing with one another, as opposed to dealing with discrete tasks, such as just value-chain or just procurement. Stockdale and Standing (2004) enumerate some of the benefits and barriers to e-marketplace participation. They state that one of the benefits is that the business can keep up with changing business landscapes, so that they are flexible and nimble, which are two excellent advantages. The changes that they cite include global market access facilitation, changed production costs and methods, enhanced communication, stimulated competition and reduce transaction costs.They also cite lower transaction costs, improved product differentiation, improved ability to enter supply chain for larger companies, improved customer service, a great potential for partnerships, access to more markets, and convenience as also being Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-56770877369546211242019-11-20T17:58:00.001-08:002019-11-20T17:58:02.930-08:00How Serious a Threat to Democracy Is the Far Right in Europe Today EssayHow Serious a Threat to Democracy Is the Far Right in Europe Today - Essay Example However, other citizens although fewer in number, continue to exploit the same freedom so as to challenge existing political systems with a view of undermining equality, civil rights liberty, and at times seriously endangering them (Katz and Mair, 1995). For quite a number of decades, a radical political system was the major cause of the major cause of these challenges. From the late nineteenth century and onwards, including the World War II, democratic regimes incorporated legal measures to exclude the far right parties from the political game (Betz, 1994). In this manner, liberal democracies acted in a manner to ensure their own stability. However, political dynamics within the last decade has led to the emergence of new forms of threat to the stability of the existing democracies. In this context, such threat is referred to as the uncivil society. Notably, such threat seem to more fluid in the structure and the nature of the political parties, thus presenting an even much greater challenge than the subversive political parties towards the democratic regimes in search for measures to ensure stability. In this study, we contend that, in the 21 century achieving stability by outlawing of some far right political parties is no longer an effective strategy. Moreover, contrary to the to the declines of parties and trade off theses , it is argued that, far right parties and the uncivil society are in joint operation to advance similar goals and thus presents the double threat operating right from parliament and within its environs. The changing nature of the political process By 1850, virtually no county in Europe knew the basics of a political party apart from a few small groups of... This paper has highlighted the three objectives, which were exploring how changes took place in the European politics, which were heavily affected by the far right wing activities. Secondly, the paper has explored the boundaries of the within the European political systems and lastly whether the new regimes have completely replaced old regimes or they have forged cooperationââ¬â¢s. In recent years, the changing role of the party institution has had a significant impact on the far right wing parties. As noted it is only until the 1980s that new wave far right parties emerged. Like their counterparts, the new parties can be regarded as cartels which enjoy poor links with the society. The emergence of new forms of governments not only the growth of the far right camps but also plays a role in their expansion. Generally, uncivil society comprises of well established individuals and groups which have the full support of the current politicians and in some extent they have forged allian ces. Notably, the uncivil society is geared toward subverting liberal democracy through their old fashioned political movements. They hope to govern behind the scenes, influencing all the decisions made at national level. Indeed, such strategies are directed at introducing crime and violence. However, social movements are closer to the people as opposed to the political parties. Some grass toot activities carried out to the far right agenda reveals the intolerances as well the hatred in the society. Although political party has changed in Europe, the role of the party as an organization still remains and in fact these is presented in far rightwing ideologies. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-68097190974988800462019-11-18T18:16:00.001-08:002019-11-18T18:16:04.533-08:00Summary Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 wordsSummary - Lab Report Example Even today, every job that a person has, is somehow or the other related to the environment and thus an environmental studies student needs to evaluate his skills and define his values on a personal as well as societal level. In order to develop an academic plan, a student needs to understand the requirements for transfers to different universities, mainly CSU and UC, which have been explained with respect to the marks, units and courses. Students have been clearly explained regarding how they need to go about understanding the requirements of the various departments within each and every course in these various colleges so that they have options once they get out of school in order to make themselves productive. The A.A degree is then emphasized upon which requires a total of 90 units. The various major and minor environmental studies plans have been talked about and the vitality that an internship holds in the life of a student has been greatly discussed in order to help the studen ts understand that only when they work in various fields will they understand what interests them and what excites them. Therefore, the options that an environmental studies student has have been deliberated upon along with the various credentials associated with each and every course which may be beneficial during the course of his study. Every student needs to check his major requirements as his academic plan will ultimately consist of a GE or general education and a major. Students require a guide and De Anza College provides exactly that for them to be lead towards the various programs and questions were encouraged greatly. The teacher again and again highlighted the need for preparing a strong mission statement because that in it would act as a blueprint for the student towards his course achievement. A tremendous amount of careers in the environmental studies field was talked about like the jobs in fields of recycling, energy, agriculture etc. and how each student can finally contribute towards fostering the environment and making a difference. Teachers from universities like the San Jose University spoke about the various departments and courses that they offer as well as the areas of expertise that they excel in and unique features of their programs which include an excellent atmosphere for learning as well as the personal attention provided to each and every student and the internships that they are entitled to as part of the program. The environmental studies degree is very flexible because there are various job opportunities and so students are taught to be focused but be light on their feet in order to move from one field to another under the same branch. The second class mostly emphasized on the various careers that a student can get into, taking into account the internships that one must undergo before associating himself with a particular job; for example an energy management advocate, biologist working in various fields, undertaking work in the biodiversity etc. and time must be spent reviewing various books in order to work towards the final journal which would include the path that each student would want to finally undertake instead of simply juggling the various options. A concrete academic plan consists of focusing on a single area which throughout the course would be made. Various organizations like eco.org were talked about with respect to job opportunities Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-16682430649969727002019-11-16T06:49:00.001-08:002019-11-16T06:49:11.735-08:00Emergency Response System in the UKEmergency Response System in the UK Emergency Response Systems in the United Kingdom By Khalil Jetha Emergency response protocol in the United Kingdom is unique, dependent on both the nature of the incident and the branch responding. The British police, whose existence spans hundreds of years, has streamlined emergency response using methods that incorporate the general public as well as a relatively new mode of operations which focuses on service orientation. In contrast, the specter of the privatization of healthcare services has driven British Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) to adopt a five-tiered system in order to maintain the smooth running of operations at the scene of major incidents. British policies are unique, catering to the ever-changing demands of a dynamic population. Incident response relies on the crisis response policies implemented; ââ¬Å"simply put, the purpose ofâ⬠British crisis response policies ââ¬Å"are to help ensure the provision of effective and efficient crisisâ⬠service (Brock 1998, p. 46). All British crisis response involves a set system of application. The initial ââ¬Å"crisis response task is forâ⬠authorities ââ¬Å"to assess the impact of a given situation and determine if [their resources will be able to deal with the crisisâ⬠(Brock 1998, p. 94). Once the facts surrounding the crises are determined, the appropriate branches are then sent to the scene. Though policies and protocols exist to effectively approach urgent or compromising situations, the smooth running of operations is largely reliant upon an official government policy statement. While it serves to alleviate public concerns, ââ¬Å"an important reason for developing a crisis response policy statement is to protectâ⬠public servants ââ¬Å"from charges of negligenceâ⬠(Brock 1998, p. 46). In the rush of incident response, operations at the scene are streamlined and practiced tirelessly; the most important aspects of incident response are those that allow emergency response official s to carry out the functions of their jobs. Educational programs and training regimens are required of all incident response teams. ââ¬Å"Education and training helps instill in individuals the appropriate actions to take in different circumstances and mentally and physically prepares them to carry outâ⬠actions to ensure the smooth running of operations at the scene of a major incident (Davis 2003, p. 59). The many overlapping aspects of incident response duties among various departments necessitates a separation of duties and responsibilities; by establishing firmly the different responsibilities of incident response teams, the government enabled each sector to operate while minimizing legal liabilities in the course of action. The separation of responsibilities involves ââ¬Å"sources of information shared among service departmentsâ⬠such as ââ¬Å"police departments, coronerââ¬â¢s offices, fire departments, [and hospitals]â⬠(Brock 1998, p. 47). Like incident response teams in most democracies, British incident response teams are subject to scrutiny from many angles as they are part of a larger bureaucracy at work. The British government not only delineates the duties to which a certain response team is obligated, but also restricts other teams from carrying out the duties of another team. All effective crisis response policy statements include components such as ââ¬Å"a definition of what types of crisis situations will require a crisis response, a statement of official responsibilities during crisis response, and a statement of the governmentââ¬â¢s stance on crisis preparednessâ⬠(Brock 1998, p. 47). The most important systems are those that prevent the halt of incident response services, such as the establishment of public relations figures as well as figures who cater to the public both during and immediately following major incidents. Crisis response systems, after all, exist to respond both to ââ¬Å"sudden and unexpected eventsâ⬠that ââ¬Å"have the potential to affect a large numberâ⬠of peopleââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"social and emotional well beingâ⬠(Davis 2003, p. 38). Establishment of liaisons in public are key in the establishment of crisis response, as most emergencies also require ââ¬Å"facilitating communication betweenâ⬠the public and official bodies (Brock 1998, p. 272). Such communication has proven to empower the public to take part in the workings that exist to protect them. One such case is the British police, whose centuries-old operations were redrawn in the late 1970s and early 1980s in order to accommodate the changing needs of an increasingly diverse population. ââ¬Å"As the twentieth century moved to a close the police were looming large in the national culture of the United Kingdom,â⬠initially as figures on which the public could rely (Howell et al 1999, p. 207). The South Asian immigrant boom of the twentieth century caused rifts between the population and the police force. The majority of incidents reported were those of civil unrest, not criminal activity. Officers would respond who could do little, as their mode of operations did not accommodate for rioting or street violence. As a result, the standard of police services has drastically evolved since 1975, when ââ¬Å"the public considered the UK police poor performers,â⬠with surveys [recording] falling levels of public satisfaction with the policeâ⬠(Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Both native Britons and new immigrants were contemptuous of a police force they perceived to be inept and indifferent. The British police therefore were required to change the nature of incident opera tion from one of simple response to one of containment. The inabilities of the police in the 1970s not only disheartened many citizens, but also proliferated violence and criminal transgressions. A growing ââ¬Å"number of incidents of public disorder during the late 1970s and early 1980s were interpreted as symptoms of a loss of confidence in the policeâ⬠(Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Change, however, did not come easily. The bureaucracies that served to protect law enforcement and other departments also stalled the evolution of police responsibilities and duties. Public intervention in the bureaucratic system for the most part hastened the facilitation of policy shift. In effect, the police developed a symbiotic relationship with the public, who revolutionized the police force; ââ¬Å"communities [asked] for a more caring police [force],â⬠one that operated more like a customer-service organization than a law enforcement agency (Ebbe 2000, p. 157). Operations at emergency scenes therefore became one that necessitated public involvement, especially in matters of containment. The official British stance changed, as police officers became more empowered. Changing their duties and responsibilities (not to mention their mode of operations) was a compromising situation for politicians from all parts of the governmental spectrum. The growing frequency of civil unrest and public disorder changed reactionary protocol from one of practiced methodology to one of severe administration of personal infringement. Officers essentially ââ¬Å"have different powers to restrict the liberty of citizens and different degrees of discretion with regard to how and when these powers can be exercisedâ⬠(Tupman et al 1997, p. 17). With full knowledge of these new powers in mind, the political left and right-wing were further polarized as neither could decide what limitations, if any, were called for with the growing number of riots and hate crimes. It was the ââ¬Å"inner-city r iots of 1981â⬠that prompted politicians to call ââ¬Å"for new policing methods but, even as suggested reforms were being implemented, there were further scandals and increasingly political controversiesâ⬠(Howell et al 1999, p. 208). Police duties and methodologies at the scenes of major events were called into question. The statute of containment superseded the statute of limitations previously set as ââ¬Å"policing involves not only crime management (repression) but also order maintenanceâ⬠(Tupman et al 1997, p. 27). Criminals were apprehended with no due process or formal charges levied against them, earning the police the widespread contempt of British citizenry; ââ¬Å"at the very time when the public perceived that they were not being given effective protection against new classes of criminals, the police themselves seemed riddled with corruption and prone to conspire in ââ¬Ëgross miscarriages of justiceââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Howell et al 1999, p. 208). As a re sult of media scrutiny and the policeââ¬â¢s perennial existence in the public eye, the British government instituted a series of quality checks, rapidly and radically changing the face of emergency response. Quality checks have become a part of the British police force in order to ensure the smooth running of operations and the cooperation of the public in incident response. Public intervention caused an outcry among many law enforcement officials, who argued that the police existed outside the public in order to perform their duties unhindered by the public they were striving to protect. Many analysts countered, ââ¬Å"arguing that the problem-oriented policing would answer many of the community concerns being raised by the changes in society, and would overcome the insular culture of the policeâ⬠(Ebbe 2000, p. 158). Today, quality service checks and public involvement determines the course of police response methods and protocol. Quality checks prompt the police to change their mode of operations through ââ¬Å"training, planning, and identifyingâ⬠public needs (Ebbe 2000, p. 159). The police forceââ¬â¢s involvement with the public is an exemplary incident displaying the operations that exist in order to better conform to the issues warranting emergency response. Perhaps most important are the functional areas of incident response that, along with bureaucratic requisite institutions, aid in retaining the efficacy of emergency response. The action of response is divided into five functional areas: ââ¬Å"incident command, operations, planning, logistics, and financeâ⬠(Worsing 1993, p. 19). Delineated in Robert Worsingââ¬â¢s Rural Rescue and Emergency Care, the five areas are applicable in all aspects of emergency medical response. ââ¬Å"All five functionsâ⬠are implemented ââ¬Å"in almost every rescue operation, though they may not be performed a s separate entitiesâ⬠(Worsing 1993, p. 19). Incident command serves as the operational head at the onset of every encounter, organizing and deploying response teams as deemed necessary. Operations serves to handle the physical protocol tailored to most every situation foreseeable, while planning handles workings with the city and different branches of government. Logistics and finance are incorporated at every turn, as both are immediately involved in the bureaucracies of incident response. Bureaucratic cooperation is essential in the sharing of information and the delegation of responsibility in all emergency response situations. Interdepartmental workings in both logistics and finance serve to better work in times of heightened stress. Often, ââ¬Å"a system of mutual aid may be incorporated,â⬠meaning ââ¬Å"that different agencies or organizations may be preassigned [sic] to various functional areasâ⬠(Worsing 1993, p. 19). For example, a fire brigade may be sent to aid in emergencies when medical response resources may be depleted. The cross-assignment of duties relegated can prove to be a logistical nightmare, however. ââ¬Å"One of the most common problems in emergency response occurs when more than one jurisdiction or agency is involved in an accidentâ⬠; if more than one response team has the capability to treat an incident, logistics and operations cannot dictate and assign said duties as the departments have been separated for liabilityââ¬â¢s sake (Worsing 1993, p. 19). Policy shifts have allowed for ââ¬Å"mutual aid agreementsâ⬠to define ââ¬Å"roles and responsibilities to minimize the potential for disagreements and problems,â⬠speeding ââ¬Å"the operational response to an incidentâ⬠(Worsing 1993, p. 19). Ongoing bureaucratic reform ensures the smooth running of operations in incident response. These reforms and proposed changes in the policies of emergency response pose the potential to ensure furthered efficiency in incident response. Emergency medicine has the unique opportunity to contribute to health care and incident reform ââ¬Å"by instituting a comprehensive and collaborative public health approach to emergency medicineâ⬠and incident response (Bernstein 1996, p. 15). The British government ensures ââ¬Å"that resources [are] availableâ⬠to facilitate policy shifts in order to reform deficient aspects of medical incident response (Bernstein 1996, p. 15). Incident response operations in the United Kingdom are heavily reliant on the bureaucracies that surround their workings. Most of the systems that enable them to carry out their daily functions are political in nature, as the five functional areas are reliant upon each otherââ¬â¢s separation, regimentation, and cooperation in order to serve the public. Political action, not physical response, ensures the smooth execution of emergency care. Whether the police force, fire brigade, or EMT, incident response in the United Kingdom remains reliant upon the assurance of public and governmental intervention to preserve the nature and efficacy of incident response; what separates the United Kingdom from other countries is its citizenââ¬â¢s empowerment to become involved in the processes that develop emergency services. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bernstein, Edward. (1996) Case Studies in Emergency Medicine and the Health of thePublic. Boston, Jones Bartlett Publishers, Inc. Brock, Stephen E. et al. (1998) Preparing for Crises in the Schools: A Manual forBuilding School Crisis Response Teams. New York, John Wiley Sons, Inc. Chalk, Peter and William Rosenau. (2004) Confronting ââ¬Å"The Enemy Withinâ⬠: SecurityIntelligence, the Police, and Counterterrorism in Four Democracies. Santa Monica, Rand Publications. Davis, Lynn E. (2003) Individual Preparedness and Response to Chemical, Radiological,Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks. Santa Monica, Rand Inc. Ebbe, Obi N. Ignatius. (2000) Comparative and International Criminal Justice Systems:Policing Judiciary, and Corrections. Boston, Butterworth-Heinemann. Howell, David W. and Kenneth O. Morgan. (1999) Crime, Protest and Police inModern British Society: Essays in Honour of David J. V. Jones. Cardiff, U of Wales P. Private Publication. (2001) Acute Medical Emergencies: The Practical Approach.London, BMJ Books. Private Publication. (1999) Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research andDevelopment to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, National Academy Press. Skolnick, Jerome H. (1994) Violence in Urban America: Mobilizing a Response.Washington, National Academies Press. Tupman, Bill and Alison Tupman. (1999) Policing in Europe: Uniform in Diversity.Exeter, England Intellect Books, Inc. Worsing, Robert. (1993). Rural Rescue and Emergency Care. Rosemont, Jones BartlettPublishers, Inc. Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6766684427802527747.post-4628400518033871002019-11-13T19:20:00.001-08:002019-11-13T19:20:04.361-08:00Sigmund Freuds Representation of Three Tall Women Essay -- Freud Psyc A Deeper Understanding of Three Tall Women According to Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis is a ââ¬Å"procedure for the investigation of mental processes which are almost inaccessible in any other wayâ⬠(Fodor and Gaynor 147). It becomes a deeper contrast of a personââ¬â¢s mentality to consider the design of ââ¬Å"interplayâ⬠within the ââ¬Å"urging and checking forcesâ⬠of the conscious and unconscious (Fodor and Gaynor 147). Freudââ¬â¢s representation of ââ¬Å"Three Tall Women,â⬠relate the characters by the ââ¬Å"neuroses that sometimes result from the suppression of memories and desires too painful to deal withâ⬠(Freud, ââ¬Å"The Dependent Relationship of the Ego). While not completely opposing religion as a factor in the conscious and unconscious, Freud does claim that the ââ¬Å"Oedipus complex is at the root of religious feelingâ⬠(Palmer 113); so the idea of religion is not based on the desire of pleasing a God with the basis of good vs. bad, but instead, according to Freud, i t is the sexual desires that come from being attached to a father figure. As characters B and C are introduced first as outside acquaintances, then as stages of character Aââ¬â¢s past, the play is transformed into what may be perceived as Freudââ¬â¢s theory to the relation of the conscious and the unconscious, but could also be noted as the change a person undergoes throughout their lifetime in which religion, or the desire to maintain morality, is checked by outside influences. The interpretation, backed by Carl Jung, argues that ââ¬Å"religion need no longer be perceived as a conglomerate of guilt ridden repressions and ritualized obsessions, but as a natural and legitimate dimension of psychic activityâ⬠(Palmer 113). When Freudââ¬â¢s argument is counterbalanced, it can be found that the interpretation F... ...ud may be correct on some terms, but the true unconscious desires do not come from a sexual want, but more from the want of a moral individuality, and characters C and B epitomize such a notion and deep understanding that exists in character A, but is challenged with the influence of society and the struggles of growing older. Albee, Edward. Three Tall Women. New York: Dramatists Play Service, Inc. Fodor, Nandor, ed and Gaynor, Frank, ed. Freud: Dictionary of Pychoanalysis. New York: Philosophical Library, 1950. Freud, Sigmund. Civilization and its Discontents. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1930. Freud, Sigmund. ââ¬Å"The Dependent Relationship of the Ego.â⬠Palmer, Michael. Freud and Jung on Religion. London: Routledge, 1997. Personality Theories: Sigmund Freud. Boerce, C. George.. 25 November 2007 . Deidra Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14393822025915214540noreply@blogger.com0